The phenomenon of martyrdom is more than 2000 years old but, as contemporary events show, still very much alive. This book examines the canonisation, contestation and afterlives of martyrdom and connects these with cross-cultural acts and practices of remembrance. Martyrdom appeals to the imagination of many because it is a highly ambiguous spectacle with thrilling deadly consequences. Imagination is thus a vital catalyst for martyrdom, for martyrs become martyrs only because others remember and honour them as such. This memorialisation occurs through rituals and documents that incorporate and re-interpret traditions deriving from canonical texts. The canonisation of martyrdom generally occurs in one of two ways: First, through ritual commemoration by communities of inside readers, listeners, viewers and participants, who create and recycle texts, re-interpreting them until the martyrs ultimately receive a canonical status, or second, through commemoration as a means of contestation by competing communities who perceive these same people as traitors or terrorists. By adopting an interdisciplinary orientation and a cross-cultural approach, this book goes beyond both the insider admiration of martyrs and the partisan rejection of martyrdoms and concisely synthesises key interpretive questions and themes that broach the canonised, unstable and contested representations of martyrdom as well as their analytical connections, divergences and afterlives in the present.
- Cover
- Table of Contents
- Acknowledgments
- Introduction
- Jan Willem van Henten and Ihab Saloul
- 1 The Interaction of Canon and History
- 2 The Changing Worlds of the Ten Rabbinic Martyrs
- 3 ‘Who Were the Maccabees?’
- The Maccabean Martyrs and Performances on Christian Difference
- 4 Perpetual Contest
- 5 ‘Martyrs of Love’
- Genesis, Development and Twentieth Century Political Application of a Sufi Concept
- 6 Commemorating World War I Soldiers as Martyrs
- 7 The Scarecrow Christ
- The Murder of Matthew Shepard and the Making of an American Culture Wars Martyr
- 8 Icons of Revolutionary Upheaval
- 9 Yesterday’s Heroes?
- Canonisation of Anti-Apartheid Heroes in South Africa
- 10 The Martyrdom of the Seven Sleepers in Transformation
- From Syriac Christianity to the Qur’ān and to the Dutch-Iranian Writer Kader Abdolah
- 11 ‘Female Martyrdom Operations’
- Gender and Identity Politics in Palestine
- 12 Hollywood Action Hero Martyrs in ‘Mad Max Fury Road’
- Index
- List of Illustrations
- Jan Willem van Henten
- Figure 1 Mosaic by Franz Grau at the German Military Cemetery at Hooglede, Belgium
- Figure 2 Memorial Building by Robert Tischler at the German Military Cemetery at Donsbrüggen, Germany
- Figure 3 Mosaic of Tree of Life, by Franz Grau, Chapel of the German Military Cemetery at Menen, Belgium
- Friederike Pannewick
- Figure 4 Muḥammad Maḥmūd Street, Wall of the American University of Cairo, September 2012
- Figure 5 Muḥammad Maḥmūd Street, Wall of the American University of Cairo, September 2012
- Figure 6 Muḥammad Maḥmūd Street, Wall of the American University of Cairo, September 2012
- Figure 7 and 8 Muḥammad Maḥmūd Street, Wall of the American University of Cairo, September 2012
- Laura Copier
- Figure 9 War boy calls on his fellow war boys to witness him
- Figure 10 The first failed attempt at martyrdom by Nux
- Figure 11 Nux implores Capable to witness him
- Figure 12 Angharad using herself and her unborn child as a protective shield
- Figure 13 Angharad’s martyred body
- Figure 14 Furiosa’s frustration
- Figure 15 Furiosa is brought back to life by Max
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