In the Middle Ages everyone, it seems, entered into some form of marriage. Nuns -- and even some monks -- married the bridegroom Christ. Bishops married their sees. The popes, as vicars of Christ, married the universal Church. And lay people, high and low, married each other. What united these marriages was their common reference to the union of Christ and Church. Christ™'s marriage to the Church was the paradigmatic symbol in which all the other forms of union participated, in superior or inferior ways. This book grapples with questions of the impact of marriage symbolism on both ideas and practice in the early Christian and medieval period. In what ways did marriage symbolism -- with its embedded concepts of gender, reproduction, household, and hierarchy -- shape people™'s thought about other things, such as celibacy, ecclesial and political relations, and devotional relations? How did symbolic cognition shape marriage itself? And how, if at all, were these two directions of thinking symbolically about marriage related?
- Cover
- Table of Contents
- Acknowledgements
- Abbreviations
- 1. Introduction
- A Case Study of Symbolic Cognition
- Line Cecilie Engh and Mark Turner
- 2. Conjugal and Nuptial Symbolism in Medieval Christian Thought
- 3. Marriage Symbolism and Social Reality in the New Testament
- Husbands and Wives, Christ and the Church
- Anna Rebecca Solevåg
- 4. Single Marriage and Priestly Identity
- A Symbol and its Functions in Ancient Christianity
- David G. Hunter
- 5. ‘Put on the dress of a wife, so that you might preserve your virginity’
- Virgins as Brides of Christ in the Writings of Tertullian
- Karl Shuve
- 6. Veiled Threats
- Constraining Religious Women in the Carolingian Empire
- Abigail Firey
- 7. Double Standards?
- Medieval Marriage Symbolism and Christian Views on the Muslim Paradise
- Alessandro Scafi
- 8. Marriage, Maternity, and the Formation of a Sacramental Imagination
- Stories for Cistercian Monks and Nuns around the Year 1200
- Martha G. Newman
- 9. Marriage Symbolism in Illuminated Manuscripts of the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries
- Visualization and Interpretation
- Marta Pavón Ramírez
- 10. ‘His left arm is under my head and his right arm shall embrace me’
- The Bride and the Bridegroom in Trastevere
- Lasse Hodne
- 11. Marriage in the Divine Office
- Nuptial Metaphors in the Medieval Conception of the Officium
- Sebastián Salvadó
- 12. What Kind of Marriage Did Pope Innocent III Really Enter Into?
- Marriage Symbolism and Papal Authority
- Line Cecilie Engh
- 13. ‘Please don’t mind if I got this wrong’
- Christ’s Spiritual Marriage and the Law of the Late Medieval Western Church
- Wolfgang P. Müller
- Index of Biblical Passages
- Index of Names
- Index of Biblical Passages
- Index of Names
- List of Illustrations
- Fig. 6.1 Ruler portrait of Charles the Bald. From the Bible of San Paolo fuori le Mura, Illustrated between 840 and 877, fol. 1r. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bible_of_San_Paolo_fuori_le_Mura#/media/File:Bible_carolingienne_(Charles_le_Chauve).jpg
- Fig. 9.1 Dextrarum iunctio. Admont, Benediktinerstift, Archiv und Bibliothek, Cod. 646, fol. 229v (Gregory IX’s Decretales).
- Fig. 9.2 Veiling of the couple. Vatican Library, BAV, MS Vat. lat. 1389, fol. 241r (Gregory IX’s Decretales). © 2019 Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, reproduced by permission of Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana with all rights reserved.
- Fig. 9.3 The conferral of the ring. Avignon, BM, MS 138, fol. 18v (Missale Romanum), print courtesy of L’Institut de Recherche et d’Histoire des Textes, CNRS.
- Fig. 9.4 Marriage between a bishop and his church. London, British Library, MS Harley 1527, fol. 8r (‘Bible moralisée’). © The British Library Board.
- Fig. 9.5 Song of Songs illustration (King Solomon embraces a bare-breasted woman). Reims, BM, MS 18, fol. 149r (Bible of Saint-Remi). Print coutesey of Institut de Recherche et d’Histoire des Textes, CNRS.
- Fig. 9.7 A bridal couple. Vatican Library, BAV, MS Vat. lat. 1388, fol. 239r (Gregory IX’s Decretales). © 2019 Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, reproduced by permission of Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana with all rights reserved.
- Fig. 9.8 Song of Songs illustration (veiled Virgin Mary holds a swaddled Christ child). Piermont Morgan Library, New York, MS M.163, fol. 211r (Bible). Photo: The Morgan Library & Museum, New York.
- Fig. 10.1 The Coronation of the Virgin, Santa Maria in Trastevere, Rome, c.1140. © Lasse Hodne (previously published in L. Hodne, The Virginity of the Virgin (2012), and reproduced by permission of Scienze & Lettere).
- Fig. 10.2 The Coronation of the Virgin, Cathedral of Chartres, c.1200. © Lasse Hodne (previously published in L. Hodne, The Virginity of the Virgin (2012), and reproduced by permission of Scienze & Lettere).
- Fig. 10.3 The Dormition of the Virgin, Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome, c.1295. © Lasse Hodne (previously published in L. Hodne, The Virginity of the Virgin (2012), and reproduced by permission of Scienze & Lettere).
- Fig. 10.4 Cimabue, Assumption of the Virgin, Assisi, upper church, c.1290. © Lasse Hodne (previously published in L. Hodne, The Virginity of the Virgin (2012), and reproduced by permission of Scienze & Lettere).
- Fig. 10.5 Maestro Trecentesco, Assumption of the Virgin, Sacro Speco monastery, Subiaco, Italy, fourteenth century. © Lasse Hodne (previously published in L. Hodne, The Virginity of the Virgin (2012), and reproduced by permission of Scienze & Lettere).
- Fig. 12.1 Personified Roman Church (Ecclesia Romana). Fragment from apse mosaics of Old St. Peter’s (c.1210?). Museo Barracco, Rome. © Sovrintendenza Capitolina/Foto in Comune.
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