The relationship between Europe and Islam has been complicated, if not troubled, throughout the thirteen centuries since Muslims first began playing a part in European history. This volume offers a compact, yet comprehensive look at the entire history of the interaction of Islam and Eureopean culture, religion, and politics.
Maurits S. Berger focuses in particular on the transformations that the figure of the Muslim and the image of Islam have undergone in the European mind. Conqueror, Antichrist, scholar, benign ruler, corsair, tradesman, fellow citizen—the Muslim has been all of those and more, and even today, as Muslims make up a substantial portion of Europe’s citizenry, they remain all too often a source of undeserved anxiety for ordinary people and politicians alike. Through Berger’s clear prose and incisive analysis, the story of Islam and Europe is seen as one of interaction and mutual influence rather than perpetual antagonism.
- Cover
- Contents
- Foreword
- Introduction
- 1. The Link to Today
- 2. ‘Islam’ and ‘Europe’
- A Methodological Framework
- Europe
- Islam
- 3. Europe’s Interaction with Islam
- ‘Physical’ and ‘Virtual’ Islam
- Five Periods
- Three Themes: Religion, Toleration, Othering
- Chapter One. Uncivilized Europe (700–1000 CE)
- I. Setting the Stage
- 1. Europe at the Dawn of the Muslim Conquests
- 2. The Islamic Empire
- II. Physical Islam
- 1. The Realm of Interaction
- 2. Living with the Unbeliever
- 3. Other Relations and Contacts
- III. Virtual Islam
- Myths, Legends and Ignorance
- Chapter Two. Crusading Europe (1000–1500 CE)
- I. Setting the Stage
- 1. Economic Revival
- 2. Religious Revival
- 3. The Crusades
- II. Physical Islam
- 1. The Realm of Interaction
- 2. Living with the Unbeliever: Muslims under Christian Rule
- 3. Social Tensions
- 4. Conversion
- 5. Other Relations and Contacts
- III. Virtual Islam
- 1. The Study and Legends of Islam
- 2. Polemics
- 3. Culture and Technology
- Chapter Three. Divided Europe (1500–1700 CE)
- I. Setting the Stage
- 1. Europe: Reformation and National Self-Assertion
- 2. Rise of the Ottoman Empire
- II. Physical Islam
- 1. Living with the Unbeliever
- 2. Other Relations and Contacts
- III. Virtual Islam
- 1. The Image of the ‘Turk’
- 2. Dealing with the ‘Turk’
- 3. Islam: ‘Better Turkish than Papish’
- Chapter Four. Powerful Europe (1700–1950 CE)
- I. Setting the Stage
- 1. Colonialism and Imperialism
- 2. The Demise of the Ottoman Empire
- II. Physical Islam
- 1. Living with the Unbeliever
- 2. The Combustible Mix of Capitulations, Millets and Nationalism
- 3. Wars and Insurgencies
- 4. Diplomatic Relations and Trade
- 5. Muslim Sojourners: Students, Nationalists and Conscripts
- III. Virtual Islam
- 1. Eighteenth Century: Turquerie and Inclusive Othering
- 2. Nineteenth Century: Orientalism and Exclusive Othering
- Chapter Five. Struggling Europe (1950 CE–)
- I. Setting the Stage
- 1. A New Europe
- 2. Islam in the New Europe
- 3. Identity, Loyalty and Security
- II. Physical Islam
- 1. Living with the Unbeliever
- 2. Secular and Religious Rule
- 3. Wars and Terrorism
- 4. Europe and Its ‘Neighbourhood’
- III. Virtual Islam
- 1. Images of Islam and Muslims
- 2. The Study of Islam
- Epilogue
- Historical Patterns
- Patterns into the Present
- … To Be Extrapolated into the Future?
- Notes
- Introduction
- 1. Uncivilized Europe (700–1000CE)
- 2. Crusading Europe (1000–1500CE)
- 3. Divided Europe (1500–1700CE)
- 4. Powerfull Europe (1700–1950CE)
- 5. Struggling Europe (1950–)
- Bibliography
- Index
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