This report assesses the configuration-management and performance-verification options for the development and regulation of commercially available Explosive Detection Systems (EDS) and other systems designed for detection of explosives. In particular, the panel authoring this report (1) assessed the advantages and disadvantages of methods used for configuration management and performance verification relative to the FAA's needs for explosives-detection equipment regulation, (2) outlined a "quality management program" that the FAA can follow that includes configuration management and performance verification and that will encourage commercial development and improvement of explosives-detection equipment while ensuring that such systems are manufactured to meet FAA certification requirements, and (3) outlined a performance-verification strategy that the FAA can follow to ensure that EDSs continue to perform at certification specifications in the airport environment.
- Configuration Management and Performance Verification of Explosives-Detection Systems
- Copyright
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Contents
- Acronyms
- Executive Summary
- STUDY APPROACH AND SCOPE
- QUALITY SYSTEMS
- QUALITY SYSTEMS AND LIFE-CYCLE PHASES
- CHANGE CONTROL PROCESS
- FAA TESTING FOR MAINTENANCE OF CERTIFICATION
- DEVELOPMENT OF TEST OBJECTS
- NONCERTIFIED EXPLOSIVES-DETECTION EQUIPMENT
- SUMMARY
- REFERENCES
- 1 Introduction
- FAA AVIATION SECURITY PROGRAM
- CERTIFIED EXPLOSIVES-DETECTION SYSTEMS
- PERFORMANCE VERIFICATION OF AVIATION SECURITY EQUIPMENT
- REPORT ORGANIZATION
- 2 Stakeholder Needs and Requirements
- FAA'S NEEDS
- MANUFACTURERS' NEEDS
- AIRPORT AND AIR CARRIER OPERATORS' NEEDS
- ALIGNMENT AND CONFLICTS BETWEEN STAKEHOLDERS' NEEDS
- STAKEHOLDERS' NEEDS IN A CRISIS SITUATION
- 3 Anatomy of Explosives-Detection Equipment
- EXPLOSIVES-DETECTION TECHNOLOGIES
- ARCHITECTURE OF EXPLOSIVES-DETECTION EQUIPMENT
- Sampling
- Analysis
- Classification
- Interfacing
- ROLE OF INFRASTRUCTURE ON EXPLOSIVES-DETECTION EQUIPMENT
- 4 Tools for Ensuring Operational Performance
- CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT
- Configuration Identification
- Configuration Control
- Configuration Status Accounting and Auditing
- Configuration-Management Tools
- PERFORMANCE VERIFICATION
- FAA Certification Testing
- Testing in Airports
- Testing and Technology
- Approaches to Test and Evaluation
- QUALITY SYSTEMS AND STANDARDS
- Standards for Panel Consideration
- ISO 9000 Series Quality Standards
- 5 Life-Cycle Management Plan
- EXPLOSIVES-DETECTION EQUIPMENT LIFE CYCLE
- MANAGEMENT PLAN
- CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT PLAN
- Configuration Management of the FAA Aviation Security Program
- Configuration Management of Explosives-Detection Equipment
- Configuration Control
- Configuration Management of Software for Explosives-Detection Equipment
- Configuration Management of Deployed Explosives-Detection Equipment
- Expertise Required and Software Tools Available for Configuration Management
- PERFORMANCE VERIFICATION
- Explosives-Detection Equipment Architecture and Performance Verification
- Test Objects for Testing Bulk Explosives-Detection Systems
- Performance Verification of Bulk Explosives-Detection Systems
- Performance Verification of Noncertified Explosives-Detection Equipment
- Bulk Explosives-Detection Equipment
- Trace Detection Devices
- QUALITY SYSTEMS AND STANDARDS
- PRECERTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS
- References
- Appendices
- Appendix A Explosives-Detection Technologies
- X-Ray Technology
- Neutron Technology
- Trace Detection Technology
- Mass Density and Composition of Various Explosive and Nonthreat Materials
- Conceptual Explosives-Detection System
- Example of Explosives-Detection System
- References
- Appendix B Configuration Management Tools
- Appendix C Threat-Decision Paradigm
- Appendix D Alternative Quality Standards
- FAA Type Certification
- Food and Drug Administration's Good Manufacturing Practices
- Appendix E Sample ISO 9000 Effort for a 50-Person Company
- Appendix F Test Protocol for Bulk Explosives-Detection Equipment
- Daily Performance Verification
- Comprehensive Performance Verification
- Secondary Standerd Bag Set
- Reference
- Appendix G Biographical Sketches of Panel Members
- Glossary
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