The Human Exploration of Space

The Human Exploration of Space

  • Publisher: National Academies Press
  • ISBN: 9780309060349
  • eISBN Pdf: 9780309591713
  • eISBN Epub: 9780309174152
  • Place of publication:  United States
  • Year of digital publication: 1997
  • Month: December
  • Pages: 175
  • Language: English

During 1988, the National Research Council's Space Science Board reorganized itself to more effectively address NASA's advisory needs. The Board's scope was broadened: it was renamed the Space Studies Board and, among other new initiatives, the Committee on Human Exploration was created. The new committee was intended to focus on the scientific aspects of human exploration programs, rather than engineering issues. Their research led to three reports: Scientific Prerequisites for the Human Exploration of Space published in 1993, Scientific Opportunities in the Human Exploration of Space published in 1994, and Science Management in the Human Exploration of Space published in 1997. These three reports are collected and reprinted in this volume in their entirety as originally published.

  • The Human Exploration of Space
  • Copyright
  • FOREWORD
  • Contents
  • SCIENTIFIC PREREQUISITES FOR THE HUMAN EXPLORATION OF SPACE
    • Preface
    • Contents
    • Executive Summary
      • THE ROLE OF SCIENCE
      • ENABLING SCIENCE
        • Critical Research Issues
        • Optimal Performance Issues
      • References
    • 1 Introduction
      • THE HUMAN EXPLORATION OF SPACE
      • SCIENCE AND THE HUMAN EXPLORATION OF SPACE
      • ENABLING SCIENCE
      • SPACE STATION FREEDOM
      • INTERNATIONAL CONSULTATION AND COLLABORATION
      • NOTES AND REFERENCES
    • 2 Critical Research Requirements
      • RADIATION
        • Radiation Levels
        • Sources of Hazardous Radiation
          • Galactic Cosmic Radiation
          • Solar Energetic Particles
        • Relevant Measurements and Research
      • BONE DEGENERATION AND MUSCLE ATROPHY
      • CARDIOVASCULAR AND PULMONARY FUNCTION
      • BEHAVIOR, PERFORMANCE, AND HUMAN FACTORS
        • Individual Factors
        • Group Factors
        • Environmental Factors
      • BIOLOGICAL ISSUES
      • NOTES AND REFERENCES
    • 3 Research for Mission Optimization
      • SENSORIMOTOR INTEGRATION
      • IMMUNOLOGY
      • DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
      • LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS
      • MICROMETEOROID FLUX ON THE MOON
      • SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE PROPERTIES
      • POTENTIAL MARTIAN HAZARDS
      • AEROBRAKING AT MARS
      • MICROGRAVITY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
      • EXOBIOLOGY ISSUES
      • RESOURCE UTILIZATION
      • NOTES AND REFERENCES
    • 4 Conclusions
    • Bibliography
    • Appendix
  • SCIENTIFIC OPPORTUNITIES IN THE HUMAN EXPLORATION OF SPACE
    • Preface
    • Contents
    • Executive Summary
      • References
    • 1 Space Science and Human Exploration of the Solar System
      • ENABLING SCIENCE
      • ENABLED SCIENCE
      • References
    • 2 Robots and Humans: An Integrated Approach
      • RELATIVE ADVANTAGES
      • RELATIVE LIMITATIONS
      • THE OPTIMAL MIX OF HUMANS AND ROBOTS
      • SCIENCE PRECURSOR MISSIONS
      • TECHNOLOGY TO OPTIMIZE THE SCIENTIFIC RETURN
      • References
    • 3 Science Enabled by Human Exploration
      • FIELD SCIENCE
        • Unraveling Solar Particle Emission History
        • The Search for Life on Mars
        • Impact History of the Terrestrial Planets
        • Martian Climate History
      • EMPLACEMENT AND ATTENDANCE OF LARGE OR COMPLEX INSTRUMENTS
        • Detection and Study of Other Solar Systems
        • Study of High-Energy Cosmic Rays
        • Advanced Pinhole Occulter
      • LIFE SCIENCES
      • SCIENCE ENABLED BY TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPED FOR A MOON/MARS PROGRAM
      • SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
      • References
    • Bibliography
    • Appendix Participating Discipline Committees
  • SCIENCE MANAGEMENT IN THE HUMAN EXPLORATION OF SPACE
    • Foreword
    • Preface
    • Contents
    • Executive Summary
      • PRINCIPLES FOR SCIENCE MANAGEMENT
      • MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS
        • Science Prerequisites for Human Exploration (Enabling Science)
        • Science Enabled by Human Exploration
        • Institutional Issues
      • References
    • 1 Introduction
      • APPROACH
      • MANAGEMENT OF THE CLASSICAL (ROBOTIC) SPACE SCIENCE PROGRAM
      • A NEW ENVIRONMENT
      • NOTES AND REFERENCES
    • 2 Principles for Science Management
      • INTERACTION BETWEEN SPACE SCIENCE AND HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT COMMUNITIES
        • Early Lunar Exploration
        • Apollo, Skylab, Apollo-Soyuz
        • Shuttle/Spacelab
      • MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES
      • References
    • 3 Management Recommendations
      • SCIENCE PREREQUISITES FOR HUMAN EXPLORATION (ENABLING SCIENCE)
        • Establishing Requirements for Enabling Science
        • Selection of Enabling Science Investigations
        • Management of Space Biomedical Sciences
      • SCIENCE ENABLED BY HUMAN EXPLORATION
        • Space Science Strategies and Science Goals and Priorities
        • Selection of Enabled Science Investigations
        • Implementation of Enabled Science
      • INSTITUTIONAL ISSUES
        • Protocol Review
        • The Role of Universities
        • The Role of Scientific Expertise Within the Program
        • Funding for Science in a Program of Human Exploration
      • NOTES AND REFERENCES
    • Bibliography

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