To control the migration of radioactive and hazardous wastes currently contained underground, barriers made of natural materials and man-made substances are constructed atop, and possibly around, the contaminated area. Barrier Technologies for Environmental Management provides a brief summary of the key issues that arose during the Workshop on Barriers for Long-Term Isolation. Recurring themes from the session include the importance of quality control during installation, followed by periodic inspection, maintenance, and monitoring, and documentation of installation and performance data. The book includes papers by the workshop presenters.
- BARRIER TECHNOLOGIES for ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
- Copyright
- Acknowledgments
- Contents
- Executive Summary
- Introduction
- Workshop Overview
- Themes Identified at the Workshop
- References
- APPENDIX A Biographical Sketches Of Committee Members
- APPENDIX B Workshop on Barriers for Long-Term Isolation: Program Outline
- WELCOME/INTRODUCTION
- SURFACE BARRIERS I CHAIR—G. GEE, PACIFIC NORTHWEST NATIONAL LABORATORY
- SURFACE BARRIERS II CHAIR—D. DANIEL, UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS
- SURFACE BARRIERS II (CONT.)
- SUBSURFACE BARRIERS I CHAIR—R. D. MUTCH, JR., ECKENFELDER INC.
- SUBSURFACE BARRIERS II CHAIR—P. A. WITHERSPOON, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT BERKELEY
- APPENDIX C Workshop on Barriers for Long-Term Isolation: Participants
- APPENDIX D Workshop on Barriers for Long-Term Isolation: Papers Presented
- CONTENTS
- DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF PERMANENT ISOLATION SURFACE BARRIERS AT THE HANFORD SITE
- ABSTRACT
- INTRODUCTION
- The In-Place Remediation Alternative
- The Hanford Site Permanent Isolation Surface Barrier Development Program
- FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR THE BARRIER
- WATER INFILTRATION AND PERCOLATION CONTROL
- Current Climatic Conditions
- Projected Climatic Conditions
- Designing a Barrier for Drainage and Percolation Control
- Runoff
- Capillary Barrier
- Low-Permeability Layers
- BIOINTRUSION EFFECTS ON WATER INFILTRATION CONTROL
- WIND AND WATER EROSION CONTROL
- ASSESSING WATER INFILTRATION THROUGH THE PROTOTYPE BARRIER
- CONCLUSIONS
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- REFERENCES
- NEW TECHNOLOGIES FOR SUBSURFACE BARRIER WALL CONSTRUCTION
- INTRODUCTION
- ADVANCEMENTS IN BARRIER WALL TECHNOLOGIES
- Deep Soil-Mixing Barrier Walls
- Jet Grouting Cutoff Walls
- Waterloo Sealable Sheet Piles
- Self-Hardening Slurries
- Permeation Grouting
- Ground Freezing
- Geomembrane Cutoff Walls
- Deep Barrier Walls
- CONCLUSIONS
- REFERENCES
- ECOLOGY, DESIGN, AND LONG-TERM PERFORMANCE OF SURFACE BARRIERS: APPLICATIONS AT A URANIUM MILL TAILINGS SITE
- ABSTRACT
- INTRODUCTION
- CONTAMINANT RELEASE MECHANISMS
- Water Infiltration
- Radon Release
- Erosion
- Frost Penetration
- Plant Root Intrusion
- Animal Intrusion
- Cover Design and Performance
- Water Infiltration Control
- Water Balance System
- Revegetation
- Radon Attenuation
- Erosion Control
- Frost Protection
- Biointrusion Control
- Longevity
- Climate Change
- Pedogenesis and Ecological Change
- SUMMARY
- ACKNOWLEDGMENT
- REFERENCES
- SOIL, PLANT, AND STRUCTURAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR SURFACE BARRIERS IN ARID ENVIRONMENTS: APPLICATION OF RESULTS STUDIES IN THE…
- INTRODUCTION
- WATER MOVEMENT THROUGH DEEP UNSATURATED ZONE BENEATH UNDISTURBED, VEGETATED AREA
- EVALUATION OF PROCESSES UNDER WASTE-BURIAL CONDITIONS
- APPLICATION TO DESIGN OF BARRIERS FOR LONG-TERM ISOLATION
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- REFERENCES
- NATURAL PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES COMPROMISE THE LONG-TERM PERFORMANCE OF COMPACTED SOIL CAPS
- PHYSICAL PROCESSES INFLUENCING BARRIER INTEGRITY
- Effects of Wetting and Drying Cycles
- Freeze-Thaw Effects
- Soil Erosion
- Subsidence
- BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES INFLUENCING BARRIER INTEGRITY
- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
- ACKNOWLEDGMENT
- REFERENCES
- GEOMEMBRANES IN SURFACE BARRIERS
- GEOMEMBRANE MANUFACTURE
- GEOMEMBRANE SEAMING
- SUBTITLE C COVER DESIGN INCORPORATING GEOMEMBRANES
- GEOMEMBRANE DURABILITY
- SUMMARY
- REFERENCES
- EARTHEN MATERIALS IN SURFACE BARRIERS
- INTRODUCTION
- WATER BALANCE OF EARTHEN CAPS
- RESISTIVE BARRIERS
- Principle
- Potential Problems
- Case History
- CAPILLARY BARRIERS
- Principle
- Potential Problems
- Case Histories
- MONOLAYER BARRIERS
- Principle
- Potential Problems
- Case Histories
- SUMMARY
- ACKNOWLEDGMENT
- REFERENCES
- COMPARISON OF CLAY AND ASPHALTIC MATERIALS FOR USE AS LOW-PERMEABILITY LAYERS IN ENGINEERED COVERS AT THE ROCKY FLATS…
- INTRODUCTION
- SELECTION CRITERIA
- Hydraulic Conductivity
- Longevity
- Engineering Characteristics
- Constructability
- Clay Soils
- Asphalt Concrete
- Cost
- DESIGN OF SELECTED MATERIAL
- Asphalt Composite Design
- Long-Term Testing
- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- ALTERNATIVES FOR GROUND WATER CLEANUP
- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
- COMPLEXITY OF THE CONTAMINATED SUBSURFACE
- PERFORMANCE OF CONVENTIONAL PUMP-AND-TREAT SYSTEMS
- Capabilities of Pump-and-Treat Systems
- Cleanup Times for Pump-and-Treat Systems
- CAPABILITIES OF ENHANCED PUMP-AND-TREAT AND ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGIES
- Enhanced Pump-and-Treat Systems
- Alternative Technologies
- Barriers to Implementing Enhancements and Alternatives
- CHARACTERIZING SITES FOR GROUND WATER CLEANUP
- SETTING GOALS FOR GROUND WATER CLEANUP
- CONCLUSIONS AND POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS
- Complexity of the Subsurface
- Capabilities of Innovative Technologies
- Characterizing Sites
- Setting Cleanup Goals
- CONSTRUCTION OF DEEP BARRIER WALLS FOR WASTE CONTAINMENT
- ABSTRACT
- INTRODUCTION
- Cutoff Walls Constructed with Self-Hardening Slurry
- Composite Cutoff Walls
- Cutoff Wall Constructed With Plastic Concrete
- CONCLUSIONS
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- SELF-HARDENING SLURRIES AND STABLE GROUTS FROM CEMENT-BENTONITE TO IMPERMIX®
- ABSTRACT
- INTRODUCTION
- LIMITATIONS OF CEMENT-BENTONITE
- MATERIALS
- CHEMISTRY
- QUALITY CONTROL/QUALITY ASSURANCE
- IMPERMIX®
- Applications
- Research Needs
- CONCLUSIONS
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- A FIELD TEST OF PERMEATION GROUTING IN HETEROGENEOUS SOILS USING A NEW GENERATION OF BARRIER LIQUIDS
- ABSTRACT
- INTRODUCTION
- APPROACH
- THE FIRST FIELD-LEVEL DEMONSTRATION
- Objectives
- The Site
- Barrier Liquids
- Well Drilling and Permeability Measurements
- Barrier Fluid Injection
- Excavation and Visual Inspection
- Post-Excavation Analyses
- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- SEALABLE JOINT STEEL SHEET PILING FOR GROUND WATER POLLUTION CONTROL
- ABSTRACT
- INTRODUCTION
- Waterloo Barrier™
- Hydraulic Testing
- Applications and Commercialization
- DISCUSSION
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- REFERENCES
- ARTIFICIALLY FROZEN GROUND AS A SUBSURFACE BARRIER TECHNOLOGY
- INTRODUCTION
- PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY AND MECHANICS OF FROZEN GROUND
- Mechanical Properties
- Permeability
- ARTIFICIALLY FROZEN GROUND AS AN ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
- ARTIFICIALLY FROZEN GROUND AS A WASTE-CONTAINMENT TECHNOLOGY
- SCREENING MATRIX
- CONCLUDING REMARKS
- REFERENCES
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