This book reviews a draft report from the federal government that assesses the effects of oxygenated gasoline on public health, air quality, fuel economy, engine performance, and water quality. In addition to evaluating the scientific basis of the report, the book identifies research needed to better understand the impacts of oxygenated fuels. Methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE), which is intended to reduce carbon monoxide pollution during winter, is the most commonly used additive in the federal oxygenated fuels program. MTBE has been implicated in complaints by the public of headaches, coughs, and nausea. Other questions have been raised about reduced fuel economy and engine performance and pollution of ground water due to the use of MTBE in gasoline. The book provides conclusions and recommendations about each major topic addressed in the government's report.
- Toxicological and Performance Aspects of Oxygenated Motor Vehicle Fuels
- Copyright
- PREFACE
- CONTENTS
- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
- AIR QUALITY
- CRITIQUE OF INTERAGENCY DRAFT REPORT
- RESEARCH NEEDS
- FUEL ECONOMY AND ENGINE PERFORMANCE
- WATER QUALITY
- CRITIQUE OF INTERAGENCY DRAFT REPORT
- RESEARCH NEEDS
- HUMAN EXPOSURE
- CRITIQUE OF INTERAGENCY DRAFT REPORT
- RESEARCH NEEDS
- POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS OF OXYGENATES
- CRITIQUE OF INTERAGENCY DRAFT REPORT
- RESEARCH NEEDS
- POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS OF OTHER POLLUTANTS
- CRITIQUE OF INTERAGENCY DRAFT REPORT
- RESEARCH NEEDS
- RISK ASSESSMENT
- CRITIQUE OF INTERAGENCY DRAFT REPORT
- RESEARCH NEEDS
- COSTS AND BENEFITS
- 1 INTRODUCTION
- INTERAGENCY REPORT
- CHARGE TO THE NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL COMMITTEE
- COMMITTEE APPROACH
- STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT
- 2 AIR QUALITY, FUEL ECONOMY, AND ENGINE PERFORMANCE
- FTP EMISSIONS DATA FOR INDIVIDUAL VEHICLES
- ON-ROAD EMISSIONS DATA FROM VEHICLE FLEETS
- LOW-TEMPERATURE VEHICLE-EMISSIONS STUDIES
- AMBIENT STUDIES
- DISCREPANCIES BETWEEN MODEL RESULTS AND OBSERVATIONS
- COPOLLUTANT EFFECTS OF OXYGENATED FUELS
- DYNAMOMETER TESTS
- NOx EMISSIONS
- HC EMISSIONS, MTBE, AND TOXICS
- FIELD MEASUREMENTS
- ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY
- FUEL ECONOMY, ENGINE PERFORMANCE, AND PROGRAM COSTS
- FUEL ECONOMY
- ENGINE PERFORMANCE
- MODERN TECHNOLOGY
- OVERALL CONCLUSIONS ON AIR QUALITY, FUEL ECONOMY, AND ENGINE PERFORMANCE
- OVERALL RECOMMENDATIONS ON AIR QUALITY, FUEL ECONOMY, AND ENGINE PERFORMANCE
- 3 WATER QUALITY
- OVERVIEW OF WATER QUALITY IN THE INTERAGENCY REPORT
- SECTIONS OF THE INTERAGENCY REPORT REQUIRING CLARIFICATION OR REVISION
- DISCUSSION OF INTERAGENCY REPORT RECOMMENDATIONS
- COMMITTEE'S CONCLUSIONS
- RESEARCH NEEDS
- 4 HUMAN EXPOSURE
- DATA REVIEWED BY THE INTERAGENCY REPORT
- COMMITTEE CRITIQUE
- CONCLUSIONS
- RESEARCH NEEDS
- 5 POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS OF OXYGENATES
- METABOLISM, DISPOSITION, AND TOXICOKINETICS
- DATA REVIEWED IN THE HEI AND OSTP REPORTS
- COMMITTEE CRITIQUE
- CONCLUSIONS
- RESEARCH NEEDS
- SHORT-TERM HEALTH EFFECTS
- ANIMALS
- DATA REVIEWED BY THE HEI AND OSTP REPORTS
- COMMITTEE CRITIQUE
- CONCLUSIONS
- RESEARCH NEEDS
- HUMAN
- EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES
- ALASKA STUDIES
- CONNECTICUT AND NEW YORK STUDIES
- NEW JERSEY STUDIES
- WISCONSIN STUDIES
- OTHER STUDIES AND REPORTS REVIEWED IN THE HEI AND OSTP REPORTS
- CONTROLLED-EXPOSURE STUDIES
- EPA STUDY
- YALE STUDY
- SWEDISH STUDIES
- ACUTE HUMAN HEALTH EFFECTS
- EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES
- CONTROLLED-EXPOSURE STUDIES
- CONCLUSIONS
- RESEARCH NEEDS
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- CHAMBER STUDIES
- ECOLOGICAL STUDIES
- REPRODUCTIVE AND DEVELOPMENTAL EFFECTS
- DATA REVIEWED IN THE HEI AND OSTP REPORTS
- COMMITTEE SUMMARY
- RESEARCH NEEDS
- LONG-TERM HEALTH EFFECTS
- HUMAN
- ANIMALS
- DATA REVIEWED IN THE HEI AND OSTP REPORTS
- COMMITTEE CRITIQUE
- CONCLUSIONS
- RESEARCH NEEDS
- 6 POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS OF OTHER POLLUTANTS
- COMMITTEE CRITIQUE
- CONCLUSIONS
- RESEARCH NEEDS
- CARBON MONOXIDE
- AIR TOXICS AND SHORT-TERM HEALTH EFFECTS
- OTHERS
- 7 RISK ASSESSMENT
- SYNOPSIS OF THE TWO REPORTS
- HEI REPORT
- SCOPE
- DATA, METHODOLOGY, AND CONCLUSIONS
- OSTP REPORT
- SCOPE
- DATA, METHODOLOGY, AND CONCLUSIONS
- GENERAL COMPARISON OF THE TWO REPORTS WITH RESPECT TO RISK ISSUES
- EVALUATION OF EXISTING ASSESSMENTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FINAL ASSESSMENT
- GENERAL COMMENTS ON RISK ASSESSMENT AND TREATMENT OF UNCERTAINTIES
- SUGGESTED REFINEMENTS AND IMPROVEMENTS
- SPECIFIC COMMENTS
- CONCLUSIONS
- REFERENCES
- APPENDIX
- DRAFT FOR NAS REVIEW ONLY
- PREFACE
- DRAFT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
- Purpose and Background
- Assessment Findings
- Air Quality
- Water Quality
- Fuel Economy and Engine Performance
- Health Effects
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