Currency Features for Visually Impaired People

Éditeur: National Academies Press
ISBN: 9780309051941
eISBN Pdf: 9780309587709
eISBN Epub: 9780309176668
Lieu de publication: United States
Année de publication électronique: 1995
Mois : Janvier
Pages: 140
Langue: Anglais

Légende

The Committee on Currency Features for the Visually Impaired evaluated features that could be incorporated in the production of U.S. banknotes that would enable blind and visually disabled people to more easily determine the denomination of a banknote. This volume describes several features and the assessment methodology used to determine which features could be recommended for inclusion in the short term, which could be recommended for research and possible inclusion in future currency redesigns, and which features were impractical for use in U.S. banknotes. Also included is an outline of the various types of visual disabilities that impair an individual's ability to denominate banknotes. Recommended features and areas of research are described in detail. Banknote and other security document producers, and people interested in addressing needs and opportunities for visually disabled people in the United States will find this book useful.

Currency Features for Visually Impaired People
Copyright
Acknowledgments
Preface
- REFERENCES
Contents
Executive Summary
- FEATURES IN USE WORLDWIDE
- NEW BANKNOTE DESIGN
- FEATURE ASSESSMENT CONSIDERATIONS
- COMMITTEE FINDINGS
  - Recommended Features Available Now
  - Findings and Issues Regarding Recommended Features
  - Recommended Features Requiring Some Additional Research and Development
  - Research and Development Opportunities
  - Implementation Strategies
- REFERENCES
1 Introduction
- REFERENCES
2 Definition of Needs and Statement of Requirements
- TARGET POPULATION
- CURRENCY IDENTIFICATION NEEDS
- DISCRIMINATION VERSUS ABSOLUTE JUDGMENT
- EXISTING CURRENCY DENOMINATION TECHNIQUES
- USER NEEDS AND REQUIREMENTS
- SUMMARY
- REFERENCES
3 Assessment Methodology for Features for Visually Impaired People
- REQUIREMENTS
- THE IDEAL FEATURE
- EVALUATION STRATEGY
- EVALUATION FRAMEWORK
- REFERENCES
4 Description and Assessment of Features
- VISUAL/TACTILE FEATURES
  - Size
  - Edge Modification
  - Holes
- VISUAL-ONLY FEATURES
  - Numerals
  - Color
  - Shapes and Coarse Patterns
- TACTILE-ONLY FEATURES
- MACHINE-READABLE FEATURES
  - Passive Devices
  - Active Devices
- FEATURE COMBINATIONS
- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  - Visual/Tactile Features
  - Visual-Only Features
  - Tactile-Only Features
  - Machine-Readable Features
  - Feature Combinations
- REFERENCES
5 Research and Development Needs and Future Directions
- EMPIRICAL/PSYCHOPHYSICAL TECHNICAL NEEDS
  - Visual/Tactile Features
    - Variable Dimensions
    - Holes
  - Visual-Only
    - Numerals
    - Color
  - Tactile-Only
  - Feature Combinations
  - Substrate Materials
  - Devices
    - Adaptation of Current Devices
    - Technologically Advanced Devices
  - Smart Money
- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
- REFERENCES
6 Implementation Strategies
- FEATURE IMPLEMENTATION
  - Near Term (1 To 3 Years)
    - Dimensional Changes
    - Holes
    - Large, High-Contrast Numerals
    - Color
    - Denomination Aids
  - Intermediate Term (Three to Five Years)
    - Tactile-Only
    - Devices
  - Long Term (More Than Five Years)
- FIELD TESTING
- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
- REFERENCES
7 Recommendations
- RECOMMENDED FEATURES
- RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES
- IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES
Appendix A: Executive Summary in Large Print
- FEATURES IN USE WORLDWIDE
- NEW BANKNOTE DESIGN
- FEATURE ASSESSMENT CONSIDERATIONS
- COMMITTEE FINDINGS
  - Recommended Features Available Now
  - Findings and Issues Regarding Recommended Features
  - Recommended Features Requiring Some Additional Research and Development
  - Research and Development Opportunities
  - Implementation Strategies
- REFERENCES
Appendix B: Synopsis of National Materials Advisory Board Report 472, Counterfeit Deterrent Features...
- SYNOPSIS
- RECOMMENDATIONS
Appendix C: Glossary
Appendix D: Features in Use Worldwide
- BREAKDOWN OF FEATURE TYPES
- DESCRIPTION OF FEATURE TYPES
  - Variable-Size Banknotes
  - Large Numerals on Banknotes
  - Variable-Color Banknotes
  - Special Shaped Patterns
  - Specific Engraved Visible Marks
  - Specific Engraved Invisible Marks
  - Watermark Images
  - Machine-Identifiable Features
- SUMMARY OF FEATURES ON WORLDWIDE CURRENCIES
- CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS
- REFERENCES
Appendix E: Features Not Subject to Full Evaluation
Appendix F: Description of the New Design Concept
Appendix G: Biographies of Committee Members