New Directions for Biosciences Research in Agriculture

High-Reward Opportunities

Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 9780309078504
eISBN Pdf: 9780309564335
Place of publication: United States
Year of digital publication: 1985
Month: January
Pages: 137
DDC: 633
Language: English

Caption

Authored by an integrated committee of plant and animal scientists, this review of newer molecular genetic techniques and traditional research methods is presented as a compilation of high-reward opportunities for agricultural research. Directed to the Agricultural Research Service and the agricultural research community at large, the volume discusses biosciences research in genetic engineering, animal science, plant science, and plant diseases and insect pests. An optimal climate for productive research is discussed.

New Directions for Biosciences Research in Agriculture
Copyright
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
Executive Summary
- SETTING PRIORITIES
- RESEARCH IN THE BIOSCIENCES
  - Genetic Engineering
  - Food Animals
    - Disease
    - Growth and Metabolism
    - Development and Reproduction
  - Crops
    - Carbon and Nitrogen Input
    - Growth and Development
    - Physicochemical Stress
  - Plant Diseases and Insect Pests
    - Plant-Pathogen Interactions
    - Biological Control
    - Insect Neurobiology
    - Pesticides
- OPTIMAL CLIMATE FOR BASIC RESEARCH
  - Periodic Outside Review
    - Leadership
    - Ars Centers
    - Staff and Activities
    - Budget Flexibility
    - Outside Relationships
1 Introduction
2 Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering
- STRUCTURE, ORGANIZATION, AND EXPRESSION OF GENES
- ISOLATION
  - Cloning
  - Transfer
  - Expression
- OPPORTUNITIES IN THE PLANT SCIENCES
  - Gene Isolation
  - Gene Transfer
    - Plasmids as Vectors
    - Transposable Elements as Vectors
    - Viruses as Vectors
    - Other Vectors: Microinjection and Direct DNA Uptake
  - Cell Culture and Plant Regeneration
  - Gene Expression
    - Effect of Location on Gene Expression
    - Regulatory Sequences
    - Transient Expression Assays
    - Multiple Gene Traits
  - Research Status
- ASPECTS OF MOLECULAR GENETICS OF FOOD ANIMALS
  - Gene Transfer
    - Microinjection into the Germ Line
    - Retroviral-based Vectors
    - Other Vectors
  - Gene Identification and Cross Cloning
  - Gene Expression
  - Research Status
- POTENTIAL IMPACT ON U.S. AGRICULTURE
3 Animal Science
- MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE
  - Genes Regulating the Immune Response
    - Major Histocompatibility Complex
    - Lymphocyte Hormones
    - Antibodies
  - Pathogens and Vectors
  - Disease Control
    - Molecular Diagnostics
    - Therapeutic Agents
  - Research Status
- MOLECULAR BASIS FOR METABOLIC REGULATION
  - Characterization of Endogenous Chemical Mediators
  - Metabolic Control and Function of Cells
  - Factors Influencing Intake and Digestion
  - Research Status
- DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY AND REPRODUCTION
  - Differentiation
  - In Vitro Manipulation of Gametes and Embryos
  - Addition of Genetic Information to Embryos
  - Reproductive Efficiency
  - Research Status
4 Plant Science
- CARBON AND NITROGEN INPUT FOR PLANT GROWTH
  - Photosynthesis
  - Chloroplast Functions
  - Carbon Fixation
  - Photosynthetic Efficiency
  - Harvest Index
  - Nitrogen Metabolism
  - Biological Nitrogen Fixation
  - Improving Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation
    - Host Plant Improvement
  - Other Aspects of Nitrogen Metabolism
    - Essential Amino Acids
    - Nitrates and Nitrites
    - Fertilizer Nitrogen Losses
  - Research Status
- REGULATION OF PLANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
  - Biosynthetic Pathways
    - Chemical Analysis
    - Genetic Variants
  - Gene Expression
    - Photomorphogenesis
  - Cell Culture and Plant Regeneration
  - Research Status
- PHYSICOCHEMICAL STRESS
  - Plant Responses to Stress Factors
    - Drought
    - Salinity
    - Low Temperature
    - High Temperature
  - Stress-Tolerance Mechanisms
  - Research Status
5 Plant Diseases and Insect Pests
- MOLECULAR BASES OF PLANT-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS
  - Molecular Determinants of Resistance and Susceptibility
    - Genetics
    - Gene Products
    - Gene Structure
    - Gene Transfer
- MOLECULAR BASIS OF CELLULAR DAMAGE IN SUSCEPTIBLE HOSTS
  - Mode of Action of Toxins
    - Nucleic Acid Interactions
    - Bacterial Interactions
  - Research Status
- MODIFICATION OF MICROORGANISMS FOR BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AND ORGANIC PESTICIDE DISPOSAL
  - Microbial Agents for Biological Control
    - Control of Pathogens
    - Control of Insect Pests
    - Control of Nematodes
    - Plant Health Microorganisms
    - Biological Degradation of Organic Pesticides
  - Research Status
- MOLECULAR BASIS OF PESTICIDE ACTION
  - Research Status
- INSECT NEUROBIOLOGY AND THE REGULATION OF DEVELOPMENT AND REPRODUCTION
  - Insect Neurobiology
  - Endocrine Regulation of Metamorphosis, Diapause, and Reproduction
  - Research Status
6 The Optimal Climate for Basic Research
- INTRODUCTION
- RECOMMENDATIONS
  - Periodic Outside Review
  - Leadership
  - National Program Staff
  - New Centers
  - Interdisciplinary Activities
  - Consolidation
  - Leveraging
  - Postdoctoral Program
  - Appointment of New Staff
  - Budget
  - Support Staff
  - Sabbaticals/Retraining
  - Scientific Meeting Attendance
  - Publications
  - University Relationships
  - Industry Relationships
  - Public Relations
- CONCLUSION
Appendix
- AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE LABORATORY GROUPS VISITED

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High-Reward Opportunities

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