Toward a Coordinated Spatial Data Infrastructure for the Nation

Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 9780309048996
eISBN Pdf: 9780309585590
Place of publication: United States
Year of digital publication: 1993
Month: January
Pages: 192
Language: English

Caption

The National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) is the means to assemble geographic information that describes the arrangement and attributes of features and phenomena on the Earth. This book advocates the need to make the NSDI more robust. The infrastructure includes the materials, technology, and people necessary to acquire, process, store, and distribute such information to meet a wide variety of needs. The NSDI is more than hardware, software, and data; it is the public foundation on which a marketplace for spatial products will evolve.

TOWARD A COORDINATED SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE NATION
Copyright
PREFACE
Contents
1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
- THE CHALLENGE
- ISSUES
- RECOMMENDATIONS
- CONCLUSION
2 INTRODUCTION
- REFERENCE
3 NATIONAL SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE
- EVOLUTION
  - Stage I (circa 1960—1980)
  - Stage II (1975—2000)
  - Stage III (1990 and beyond)
- CONCEPT
- REFERENCES
4 CURRENT SITUATION
- MAJOR ISSUES
- FEDERAL AGENCY ACTIVITIES
  - Office of Management and Budget
  - Federal Geographic Data Committee
  - Other Federal Agencies
    - Bureau of the Census
    - Bureau of Land Management
    - Defense Mapping Agency
    - Environmental Protection Agency
    - Fish and Wildlife Service
    - U.S. Forest Service
    - Soil Conservation Service
    - United States Geologic Survey
- STATE AGENCIES
  - Current Situation
  - Federal Relationships
  - Standards
  - Problems
- LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
  - Current Situation
  - Federal Relationships
  - Standards
  - Problems
- PRIVATE SECTOR
- ACADEMIA
- REFERENCES
5 SPATIAL DATA AND THE URBAN FABRIC
- INTRODUCTION
- BACKGROUND
- LAND BASE SYSTEMS COMPONENT
  - Description
  - Primary Responsibility
  - Needs
  - Models
  - Rationale for Federal Involvement
- THE NATION'S CADASTRE
  - Introduction
  - Description
  - Primary Responsibility
  - Rationale for Federal Involvement
  - The Problems
  - Responding to the Problems
- STREET CENTERLINE SPATIAL DATA BASE
  - Description
  - Significance and Applications
  - Current Status of Street Centerline Spatial Data Bases
    - USGS DLG Program
    - U.S. Postal Service's ZIP + 4 Data Base
    - TIGER
  - Problems Caused by Deficiencies of Available SCSDs
  - Need for Greater Coordination or Consolidation
  - Conclusions: The Need to Ensure Access, Use, and Maintenance
- REFERENCES
6 SPATIAL DATA AND WETLANDS
- INTRODUCTION
- EVALUATION PROCESS
  - Public Interest in Wetland Protection
  - Lack of a Collective Perspective
  - Impediments
  - Wetland Information Diffusion Model
- CONCLUSION
- REFERENCES
7 SHARING OF SPATIAL DATA
- RATIONALE FOR A SPATIAL DATA SHARING PROGRAM
  - Objectives
  - Examples of Data Sharing Programs
    - National Geodetic Reference System
    - North Carolina Land Records Management Program
- A PROPOSED SPATIAL DATA SHARING PROGRAM
  - Key Concepts
    - Types of Spatial Data
    - Quality Assurance for Base Data
    - Metadata
  - NSDI Spatial Data Sharing Program
  - Guidelines for System Implementation
    - Who Donates?
    - What Data Are Donated?
    - What Are the Incentives and Requirements to Donate and Distribute?
    - What Are the Rules for Usage?
    - Who Supports the Users?
- MECHANISMS FOR IMPLEMENTING A SPATIAL DATA SHARING PROGRAM
- SPATIAL DATA CATALOGS
  - Distributed Data Catalogs
    - Information Servers
    - Information Sources
  - Applications
- REFERENCES
8 CONCLUSIONS
- IMPROVING THE NSDI
  - The Principles
    - Availability
    - Ease of Use
    - Flexibility
    - Foundation for Other Activities
  - The Components
    - Data Bases, Metadata, and Sources
    - Data Networks
    - Technology
    - Institutional Arrangements
    - Policies and Standards
    - Users
- A NEW STRATEGY
  - Obtain and Maintain National Commitment
  - Evaluate Requirements, Constraints, and Opportunities
  - Determine Priorities
  - Develop Coordination Mechanisms and Organizational Structures
  - Assign Roles and Responsibilities
  - Develop Standards and Policies
  - Develop and Monitor Projects
  - Identify and Resolve Issues
- REFERENCES
9 RECOMMENDATIONS
APPENDIX A SPACIAL DATA AND WETLANDS
- INTRODUCTION
- THE NATURE OF WETLANDS
  - What Are Wetlands?
  - What is the Value of Wetlands?
- STATE AND CONDITION OF WETLANDS
- PROTECTION OF WETLANDS
- INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS
  - What are the Information Requirements?
  - What Is the Status of Wetland Data and Information?
- IMPEDIMENTS TO A NATIONAL WETLAND INFORMATION SYSTEM
- INFORMATION DIFFUSION AND EVOLUTION
  - Awareness Stage
  - Policy Formulation Stage
  - Definitional Formulation Stage
  - Planning, Management, and Analysis Stage
  - Private Land Regulation Stage
- CONCLUSIONS
- REFERENCES
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