As part of the effort to phase out the use of stratospheric ozone-depleting substances, such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), the U.S. Navy is considering hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) as replacements for the CFC refrigerants used aboard its submarines. Before using the HFCs, the Navy plans to set emergency exposure guidance levels (EEGLs) and continuous exposure guidance levels (CEGLs) to protect submariners from health effects that could occur as a result of accidental releases or slow leaks.
In this report, the Subcommittee on Exposure Guidance Levels for Selected Hydrofluorocarbons of the National Research Council's (NRC 's) Committee on Toxicology independently reviews the scientific validity of the Navy's proposed 1-hr and 24-hr EEGLs and 90-day CEGLs for two of the candidate refrigerants-HFC-236fa and HFC-404a. In addition, the subcommittee reviews the the EEGLs and CEGL for HFC-23, one of the combustion products of HFC-236fa. This NRC report is intended to aid the Navy in using HFCs safely.
- SUBMARINE EXPOSURE GUIDANCE LEVELS FOR SELECTED HYDROFLUOROCARBONS
- Copyright
- Contents
- Summary
- STATEMENT OF TASK
- APPROACH TO THE STUDY
- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
- HFC-236FA
- HFC-23
- HFC-404A
- Exposure Guidance Levels for Components of HFC-404a
- Exposure Guidance Levels for HFC-404a
- 1 Introduction
- STATEMENT OF TASK
- APPROACH TO THE STUDY
- EXPOSURE GUIDANCE LEVELS
- Emergency Exposure Guidance Levels
- Continuous Exposure Guidance Levels
- Special Considerations
- STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT
- REFERENCES
- 2 Hydrofluorocarbon-236fa
- CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- TOXICOKINETICS
- TOXICITY INFORMATION
- Acute Toxicity
- Cardiac Sensitization
- Subchronic Toxicity
- Reproductive Toxicity
- Developmental Toxicity
- Genotoxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- SUMMARY
- EXPOSURE GUIDANCE LEVELS
- RECOMMENDATIONS
- REFERENCES
- 3 Hydrofluorocarbon-23
- CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- TOXICOKINETICS
- TOXICITY INFORMATION
- Human Studies
- Acute Toxicity
- Cardiac Sensitization
- Subchronic Toxicity
- Reproductive Toxicity
- Developmental Toxicity
- Genotoxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- SUMMARY
- EXPOSURE GUIDANCE LEVELS
- REFERENCES
- 4 Hydrofluorocarbon-404a
- HFC-143A
- Chemical and Physical Properties
- Toxicokinetics
- Toxicity Information
- Acute Toxicity
- Cardiac Sensitization
- Subchronic Toxicity
- Reproductive Toxicity
- Developmental Toxicity
- Genotoxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Exposure Guidance Levels for HFC-143a
- HFC-125
- Chemical and Physical Properties
- Toxicokinetics
- Toxicity Information
- Acute Toxicity
- Cardiac Sensitization
- Subchronic Toxicity
- Reproductive Toxicity
- Developmental Toxicity
- Genotoxicity
- Exposure Guidance Levels for HFC-125
- HFC-134A
- Chemical and Physical Properties
- Toxicokinetics
- Toxicity Information
- Human Studies
- Acute Toxicity and Irritation
- Cardiac Sensitization
- Subchronic Toxicity
- Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity
- Genotoxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Exposure Guidance Levels for HFC-134a
- SUMMARY
- EXPOSURE GUIDANCE LEVELS FOR HFC-404A
- CALCULATIONS
- Calculations Used to Determine EEGLs and CEGL for HFC-404a
- REFERENCES
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