This book continues and revises the ideas of justice as fairness that John Rawls presented in A Theory of Justice but changes its philosophical interpretation in a fundamental way. That previous work assumed what Rawls calls a "well-ordered society," one that is stable and relatively homogenous in its basic moral beliefs and in which there is broad agreement about what constitutes the good life. Yet in modern democratic society a plurality of incompatible and irreconcilable doctrines—religious, philosophical, and moral—coexist within the framework of democratic institutions. Recognizing this as a permanent condition of democracy, Rawls asks how a stable and just society of free and equal citizens can live in concord when divided by reasonable but incompatible doctrines?
This edition includes the essay "The Idea of Public Reason Revisited," which outlines Rawls' plans to revise Political Liberalism, which were cut short by his death.
"An extraordinary well-reasoned commentary on A Theory of Justice...a decisive turn towards political philosophy."
—Times Literary Supplement
- Contents
- Introduction
- Introduction to the Paperback Edition
- Part 1: Political Liberalisim: Basic Elements
- Lecture I: Fundmental Ideas
- 1. Addressing Two Fundamental Questions
- 2. The Idea of a Polical Conception of Justice
- 3. The Idea of Society as a Fair System of Cooperation
- 4. The Idea of a Original Position
- 5. The Polical Conception of the Person
- 6. The Idea of a Well-Ordered Society
- 7. Neither a Community nor an Association
- 8. On the use of Abstract Conceptions
- Lecture II: Powers of Citizens and Their Representation
- 1. The Reasonable and the Rational
- 2. The Burdens of Judgement
- 3. Reasonable Comprehensive Doctrines
- 4. The Publicity Condition: Its Three Levels
- 5. Rational Autonomy: Artificial not Political
- 6. Full Autonomy: Political not Ethical
- 7. The Basis of Moral Motivation in the Person
- 8. Moral Psychology: Philosophical not Psychological
- Lecture III: Political Constructivism
- 1. The Idea of a Constructivist Conception
- 2. Kant's Moral Constructivism
- 3. Justice as a Contructivist View
- 4. Role of Conceptions of Society and Person
- 5. Three Conceptions of Objectivity
- 6. Objectivity Indpendent of the Casual View of Knowledge
- 7. When Do Objective Reasons Exist, Politically Speaking?
- 8. The Scope of Polical Constructivism
- Part 2: Polical Liberalism: Three Main Ideas
- Lecture IV: The Idea of Overlapping Consensus
- 1. How Is Political Liberalism Possible?
- 2. The Question of Stability
- 3. Three Features of an Overlapping Consensus
- 4. An Overlapping Consensus not Indifferent or Skeptical
- 5. A Polical Conception Need not be Comprehensive
- 6. Steps to Constitutional Consensus
- 7. Steps to Overlapping Consensus
- 8. conception and Doctrines: How Related?
- Lecture V: The Priority of Right and Ideas of the Good
- 1. How Political Conception Limits Conceptions of the Good
- 2. Goodness as Rationality
- 3. Primary Goods and Interpersonal Comparisons
- 4. Primary Goods as Citizens' Needs
- 5. Permissible Conceptions of the Good and Political Virtues
- 6. Is Justice as Fairness Fair to Conceptions of the Good?
- 7. The Good of Political Society
- 8. That Justice as Fairness is Complete
- Lecture VI: The Idea of Public Reason
- 1. The Questions and Forums of Public Reason
- 2. Public Reason and the Ideal of Democratic Citizenship
- 3. Nonpublic Reasons
- 4. The Content of Public Reason
- 5. The Idea of Constitutional Essentials
- 6. The Supreme Court as Exemplar of Public Reason
- 7. Apparent Difficulties with Public Reason
- 8. The Limits of Public Reason
- Part 3: Institutional Framework
- Lecture VII: The Basic Structure as Subject1
- 1. First Subject of Justice
- 2. Unity by Appropriate Sequence
- 3. Libertarianism Has No Special Role for the Basic Structure
- 4. The Imortance of Backround Justice
- 5. How the Basic Structure Affects Individuals
- 6. Initial Agreement as Hypothetical and Nonhistorical
- 7. Special Features of the Initial Agreement
- 8. The Social Nature of Human Relationships
- 9. Ideal Form for the Basic Structure
- 10. Reply to Hegel's Criticism
- Lecture VIII: The Basic Liberties and Their Priority1
- 1. The Initial Aim of Justice as Fairness
- 2. The Special Status of Basic Liberties
- 3. Conceptions of Person and Social Cooperation
- 4. The Original Position
- 5. Priority of Liberites, I: Second Moral Power
- 6. Priority of Liberties, II: First Moral Power
- 7. Basic Liberties not Merely Formal
- 8. A fully Adequate Scheme of Basic Liberties
- 9. How Liberties Fit into One Coherent Scheme
- 10. Free Political Speech
- 11. The Clear and Present Danger Rule
- 12. Maintaining the Fair Value of Political Liberties
- 13. Liberties Connected with the Second Principle
- 14. The Role of Justice as Fairness
- Lecture IX: Reply to Habermas
- 1. Two Main Differences
- 2. Overlapping Consesus and Justification
- 3. Liberties of Moderns Versus the Will of the People
- 4. The Roots of the Liberties
- 5. Procedural Versus Substantive Justice
- 6. Conclusion
- Part 4: The Idea of Public Reason Revisited
- Introduction to "The Idea of Public Reason Revisited"
- The Idea of Public Reason Revisited:(1997)
- Index
- Index to the New Material
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