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Cardinal Adam Easton (c. 1330-1397)

Cardinal Adam Easton (c. 1330-1397)

Monk, Scholar, Theologian, Diplomat

The varied career of Adam Easton (c.1330–1397) led him from Norwich Cathedral Priory to Oxford, Avignon and Rome. Not only a monk of the Benedictine Order, he was also a scholar, theologian, diplomat and cardinal, and his work reflects the breadth of this multifaceted background. This volume presents recent research on Easton’s oeuvre, his diplomacy and the books that accompanied him on his travels. Amongst the works addressed in this volume are Easton’s Defensorium ecclesiastice potestatis, his Defensorium Sanctae Birgittae and his Office for the Feast of the Visitation of the Virgin Mary. Further evidence is also offered on his testimony during the Great Schism, on the dating of his copy of De pauperie Salvatoris, while two reassessments are made of his likeness, including his sepulchral monument at S. Cecilia in Trastevere in Rome and the Lutterworth wall painting. Finally, a catalogue of Easton’s important manuscript collection is also provided.
  • Cover
  • Preface
  • Table of Contents
  • Abbreviations
  • Introduction
    • The Early Years of Adam Easton: from Norwich via Oxford to Avignon and Rome
    • Joan Greatrex
  • 1. Adam Easton and the Great Schism*
    • Patrick Zutshi
  • 2. The Dating and Origin of Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, MS 180: Adam Easton’s copy of Richard FitzRalph’s De pauperie Salvatoris
    • Lynda Dennison
  • 3. Adam Easton and the Lutterworth Wall Paintings Revisited
    • Miriam Gill
  • 4. Easton and Dante: beyond Chaucer
    • Nick Havely
  • 5. Adam Easton and St Birgitta of Sweden: a remarkable affinity
    • Ann M. Hutchison
  • 6. Adam Easton’s Office for the Feast of the Visitation of the Virgin Mary
    • Miriam Wendling
  • 7. Between Tradition and Innovation: the sepulchral monument of Adam Easton at S. Cecilia in Trastevere
    • Claudia Bolgia
  • 8. Adam Easton’s Manuscripts*
    • Patrick Zutshi
  • Index
  • Index of Manuscripts
  • Figures and Examples
    • Fig. 2.1. Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, MS 180, fol. 1r. By kind permission of the Master and Fellows of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge
    • Fig. 2.2. Oxford, Merton College, MS 310, fol. 1r. By kind permission of the Warden and Fellows of Merton College, Oxford
    • Fig. 2.3. Oxford, New College, MS 242, fol. 2r. By kind permission of the Warden and Scholars of New College, Oxford
    • Fig. 2.4a. Oxford, New College, MS 242, fol. 2r (detail). By kind permission of the Warden and Scholars of New College, Oxford
    • Fig. 2.4b. Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, MS 180, fol. 1r (detail). By kind permission of the Master and Fellows of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge
    • Fig. 2.5a. Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Liturg. 198, fol. 91v (detail). The Bodleian Libraries, University of Oxford
    • Fig. 2.5b. Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, MS 180, fol. 1r (detail). By kind permission of the Master and Fellows of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge
    • Fig. 2.6a. Oxford, New College, MS 242, fol. 2r (detail). By kind permission of the Warden and Scholars of New College, Oxford
    • Fig. 2.6b. Oxford, Merton College, MS 310, fol. 1r (detail). By kind permission of the Warden and Fellows of Merton College, Oxford
    • Fig. 2.7a. Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Don. b. 5, fol. 7r (detail). The Bodleian Libraries, University of Oxford
    • Fig. 2.7b. Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, MS 180, fol. 1r (detail). By kind permission of the Master and Fellows of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge
    • Fig. 2.8a. Oxford, New College, MS 242, fol. 112r (detail). By kind permission of the Warden and Scholars of New College, Oxford
    • Fig. 2.8b. Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Bodley 316, fol. 88v (detail). The Bodleian Libraries, University of Oxford
    • Fig. 2.8c. Oxford, Merton College, MS 310, fol. 49v (detail). By kind permission of the Warden and Fellows of Merton College, Oxford
    • Fig. 2.8d. Cambridge, St John’s College, MS A 12, fol. 210v (detail). By kind permission of the Master and Fellows of St John’s College, Cambridge
    • Fig. 2.9a. Oxford, New College, MS 242, fol. 178r (detail). By kind permission of the Warden and Scholars of New College, Oxford
    • Fig. 2.9b. Oxford, Merton College, MS 310, fol. 26r (detail). By kind permission of the Warden and Fellows of Merton College, Oxford
    • Fig. 2.9c. Cambridge, St John’s College, MS A. 12, fol. 29r (detail). By kind permission of the Master and Fellows of St John’s College, Cambridge
    • Fig. 2.9d. Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Bodley 316, fol. 109v (detail). The Bodleian Libraries, University of Oxford
    • Fig. 2.10a. Cambridge, St John’s College, MS A 12, fol. 53v (detail). By kind permission of the Master and Fellows of St John’s College, Cambridge
    • Fig. 2.10b. Oxford, New College, MS 242, fol. 210v (detail). By kind permission of the Warden and Scholars of New College, Oxford
    • Fig. 2.10c. Oxford, New College, MS 242, fol. 83v (detail). By kind permission of the Warden and Scholars of New College, Oxford
    • Fig. 2.11a. Oxford, Pembroke College, MS 2, fol. 245v (detail). By kind permission of the Master and Scholars of Pembroke College, Oxford
    • Fig. 2.11b. Oxford, Pembroke College, MS 2, fol. 47r (detail). By kind permission of the Master and Scholars of Pembroke College, Oxford
    • Fig. 2.11c. Oxford, Pembroke College, MS 2, fol. 11r (detail). By kind permission of the Master and Scholars of Pembroke College, Oxford
    • Fig. 2.12. Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, MS 180, fol. 88r. By kind permission of the Master and Fellows of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge
    • Fig. 2.13. Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, MS 180, fol. 90r. By kind permission of the Master and Fellows of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge
    • Fig. 2.14a. Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Don. b. 5, fol. 7r (detail). The Bodleian Libraries, University of Oxford
    • Fig. 2.14b. Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Bodley 316, fol. 8r (detail). The Bodleian Libraries, University of Oxford
    • Ex. 6.1. Accedunt laudes virginis
    • Ex. 6.2. Accendit ardor spiritus
    • Ex. 6.3. Venit ex te sanctissimus
    • Ex. 6.4. Non fuit Christus
    • Ex. 6.5. Surgens maria
    • Ex. 6.6. Incipits
    • Fig. 7.1. New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art (Bequest of Mrs A.M. Minturn, 1890), manuscript leaf with Incipit of the Office of the Visitation, detail, from an antiphonary. Tempera, ink and gold on parchment, Venice, c.1400. Photo: www.metmuseum.org
    • Fig. 7.2. Rome, S. Cecilia in Trastevere, tomb of Cardinal Adam Easton (d. 1397). Photo © Alinari, Firenze
    • Fig. 7.3. Rome, S. Cecilia in Trastevere, tomb of Cardinal Adam Easton, bier, shield of the English Crown. Photo: author
    • Fig. 7.4. Rome, S. Cecilia in Trastevere, tomb of Cardinal Adam Easton, bier, shield of Cardinal Easton. Photo: author
    • Fig. 7.5. Rome, S. Cecilia in Trastevere, tomb of Cardinal Adam Easton, short side of bier, foliated cross Photo: author
    • Fig. 7.6. Rome, S. Cecilia in Trastevere, tomb of Cardinal Adam Easton, short side of bier, foliated cross, detail. Photo: author
    • Fig. 7.7. Rome, S. Cecilia in Trastevere, tomb of Cardinal Adam Easton, gisant. Photo © Vasari, Roma
    • Fig. 7.8. Rome, S. Maria in Trastevere, tomb of Cardinal Philippe d’Alençon (d. 1397), gisant. Photo © Vasari, Roma
    • Fig. 7.9. Rome, S. Cecilia in Trastevere, tomb of Cardinal Adam Easton, gisant, head (frontal view). Photo © Vasari, Roma
    • Fig. 7.10. Rome, S. Cecilia in Trastevere, tomb of Cardinal Adam Easton, gisant, head (side view). Photo © Vasari, Roma
    • Fig. 7.11. Rome, Museo Nazionale del Palazzo di Venezia, marble screen from the dismembered tabernacle of the Madonna Advocata in S. Maria in Aracoeli, the donor Francesco Felici, 1372. Photo: author
    • Fig. 7.12. Rome, Museo Nazionale del Palazzo di Venezia, marble screen from the dismembered tabernacle of the Madonna Advocata in S. Maria in Aracoeli, the donor’s wife, Caterina Felici, 1372. Photo: author
    • Fig. 7.13. Rome, S. Paolo fuori le mura, cloister, marble statue of Pope Boniface IX, c. late 1390s–early 1400. Photo: author
    • Fig. 7.14. Rome, S. Paolo fuori le mura, cloister, marble statue of Pope Boniface IX, head, c. late 1390s–early 1400. Photo: author
    • Fig. 7.15. Rome, S. Maria in Trastevere, tomb of Cardinal Philippe d’Alençon (d. 1397), gisant, head. Photo © Vasari, Roma
    • Fig. 7.16. Reconstruction of tomb of Cardinal Philippe d’Alençon. Rome, S. Maria in Trastevere. From Kühlenthal, pl. 24
    • Fig. 7.17. Vatican City, BAV, MS Barb. lat. 3084 (Joseph-Marie Suarès, Schedae manuscriptae), fol. 282r Photo © 2017 Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana
    • Fig. 7.18. Naples, S. Chiara, tomb of Marie de Valois (1331–2). Photo © Alinari, Firenze
    • Fig. 7.19. Rome, S. Cecilia in Trastevere, nunnery, Madonna and Child, probably from the tomb of Adam Easton. Photo © Vasari, Roma
    • Fig. 7.20. Rome, S. Cecilia in Trastevere, nunnery, angel carrying candelabrum, probably from the tomb of Adam Easton. Photo © Vasari, Roma
    • Fig. 7.21. Rome, S. Cecilia in Trastevere, nunnery, angel carrying candelabrum, probably from the tomb of Adam Easton. Photo © Vasari, Roma
    • Fig. 7.22. Rome, S. Cecilia in Trastevere, nunnery, angel carrying candelabrum, probably from the tomb of Adam Easton. Photo © Vasari, Roma
    • Fig. 7.23. Rome, S. Cecilia in Trastevere, nunnery, angel carrying candelabrum, probably from the tomb of Adam Easton. Photo © Vasari, Roma
    • Fig. 7.24. Rome, S. Cecilia in Trastevere, left aisle, end wall, small pillar flanking the altar. Photo: author
    • Fig. 7.25. Rome, S. Cecilia in Trastevere, left aisle, end wall, small door. Photo: author
    • Fig. 7.26. Vatican City, Vatican Grottoes, tomb of Pope Urban VI (d. 1389) from Old St Peter’s. Photo: author

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