For centuries, French was the language of international commercial and diplomatic relations, a near-dominant language in literature and poetry, and was widely used in teaching. It even became the fashionable language of choice in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries for upper class Dutch, Russians, Italians, Egyptians, and others for personal correspondence, travel journals, and memoirs. This book is the first to take a close look at how French was used in that latter context: outside of France, in personal and private life. It gathers contributions from historians, literary scholars, and linguists and covers a wide range of geographical areas.
- Cover
- Table of Contents
- Introduction
- Marie-Christine Kok Escalle & Madeleine van Strien-Chardonneau
- 1. Le français langue seconde, langue de la relation intime, de la relation à soi et à l’autre
- Madeleine van Strien-Chardonneau & Marie‑Christine Kok Escalle
- Part I – From French as a Language of the Bilingual Netherlands
to the ‘Language of Universality’ in a Wider Europe (Sixteenth – Eighteenth Centuries) – Du français langue du bilinguisme aux Pays-Bas à la ‘langue de l’universalité’ dans l’Europe élargie (seizième – dix-huitième siècles)
- 2. Vertu versus Deugd
- Noble Women and the French Language in the Eastern Netherlands around 1600
- 3. Correspondance de Gijsbert Karel van Hogendorp (1762-1834) avec sa mère Carolina van Haren (1741-1812)
- Une formation morale, intellectuelle et sociale par le biais du français langue seconde
- Madeleine van Strien-Chardonneau
- 4. Le français langue de l’intime dans la correspondance de la comtesse d’Albany
- 5. Seduction, Introspection, Experimentation
- The Epistolary Code Switching of Giustiniana Wynne
- Part II – The Use of French as a Second Language:
From Continuity to Geographical Growth
(Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries) – De l’utilisation du français langue seconde.
De la continuité à l’expansion géographique
(dix-neuvième – vingtième siècles)
- 6. The French Language in the Diaries of Olga Davydova
- An Example of Russian-French Aristocratic Bilingualism
- 7. Les Souvenirs du jeune Harco Hora Siccama (1854-1858)
- De l’exercice de style à l’expression de soi
- Marie-Christine Kok Escalle
- 8. ‘Intimate’ Notes from Hell
- Gallipoli Diaries by Tevfik Rıza Bey (1914-1916)
- Hanife Güven & Devrim Çetin Güven
- 9. Writing in French
- İzzet Melih Devrim (1887-1966) and his Leïla (1912)
- Index
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