Poussin’s Women: Sex and Gender in the Artist’s Works examines the paintings and drawings of the well-known seventeenth-century French painter Nicolas Poussin (1594-1665) from a gender studies perspective, focusing on a critical analysis of his representations of women. The book’s thematic chapters investigate Poussin’s women in their roles as predators, as lustful or the objects of lust, as lovers, killers, victims, heroines, or models of virtue. Poussin’s paintings reflect issues of gender within his social situation as he consciously or unconsciously articulated its conflicts and assumptions. A gender studies approach brings to light new critical insights that illuminate how the artist represented women, both positively and negatively, within the framework in his seventeenth-century culture. This book covers the artist’s works from Classical mythology, Roman history, Tasso, and the Bible. It serves as a good overview of Poussin as an artist, discussing the latest research and including new interpretations of his major works.
- Cover
- Table of Contents
- List of Illustrations
- 1.1. Nicolas Poussin, Cephalus and Aurora, 1624-1625. Oil on canvas, 79 × 152 cm. Hovingham Hall, Yorkshire (Photo after Richard Verdi, Nicolas Poussin, 1594-1665, London: Royal Academy of Arts/Zwemmer, 1995, Pl. 1).
- 1.2. Nicolas Poussin, Cephalus and Aurora, c. 1629-1630. Oil on canvas, 96.5 × 130.5 cm. National Gallery, London (Photo: National Gallery, London/Bridgeman Images).
- 1.3. Nicolas Poussin, Cephalus and Aurora, detail, c. 1629-1630. Oil on canvas. National Gallery, London
(Photo: National Gallery, London/Bridgeman Images).
- 1.4. Nicolas Poussin, Diana and Endymion, c. 1630. Oil on canvas, 122 × 169 cm. Detroit Institute of Arts, Founders Society Purchase, General Membership Fund (Photo: Detroit Institute of Arts).
- 1.5. Nicolas Poussin, Diana and Endymion, detail, c.1630. Oil on canvas. Detroit Institute of Arts, Founders Society Purchase, General Membership Fund (Photo: Detroit Institute of Arts).
- 1.6. Annibale Carracci, Diana and Endymion, 1597-1600. Fresco. Farnese Gallery Ceiling, Rome (Photo © Luisa Ricciarini/Bridgeman Images).
- 1.7. Crispin de Passe the Younger, Endymion Kneeling before Diana, plate 2 from Jean Ogier de Gombauld, L’Endimion, Paris: Nicolas Buon, 1624 (Photo: Getty Research Institute, Internet Archive).
- 1.8. Roman sarcophagus, Selene and Endymion, early third century AD. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, Rogers Fund, 1947 (Photo: Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York).
- 1.9. Giulio Sanuto (attributed to), Così và il mondo alla riversa, c. 1570-1580. Engraving, 39.5 × 50.3 cm. Harry Ransom Center, University of Texas at Austin (Photo courtesy Harry Ransom Center, University of Texas at Austin).
- 2.1. Nicolas Poussin, Triumph of Pan, 1635-1636. Oil on canvas, 134 × 145 cm. National Gallery, London, bought with contributions from the National Heritage Memorial Fund and the Art Fund, 1982 (Photo © National Gallery, London/Art Resource, NY).
- 2.2. Titian, Worship of Venus, 1518-1519. Oil on canvas, 172 × 175 cm. Museo del Prado, Madrid (Photo: Museo del Prado, Madrid/HIP/Art Resource, NY).
- 2.3. Titian, Bacchus and Ariadne, 1522-1523. Oil on canvas, 176.5 × 191 cm. National Gallery, London, bought 1826
(Photo © National Gallery, London/Art Resource, NY).
- 2.4. Titian, The Andrians, 1523-1526. Oil on canvas, 175 × 193 cm. Museo del Prado, Madrid (Photo: Museo del Prado, Madrid/HIP/Art Resource, NY).
- 2.5. Nicolas Poussin, Bacchanal before a Herm, c. 1631-1634. Oil on canvas, 100 × 143 cm. National Gallery, London
(Photo: National Gallery, London/Bridgeman Images).
- 2.6. Nicolas Poussin, Nymph with Satyrs, c. 1627. Oil on canvas, 66 × 50 cm. National Gallery, London, Holwell Carr Bequest, 1831 (Photo © National Gallery, London/Art Resource, NY).
- 2.7. Nicolas Poussin, Venus Espied by Shepherds, c. 1625. Oil on canvas, 73 × 99 cm. Staatliche Gemäldegalerie, Dresden (Photo: Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY).
- 2.8. Nicolas Poussin, Triumph of Bacchus, 1635-1636. Oil on canvas, 128 × 152 cm. Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, MO (Photo courtesy Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Media Services/John Lamberton).
- 2.9. After Nicolas Poussin, Triumph of Silenus, c. 1637. Oil on canvas, 143 × 120.5 cm. National Gallery, London, bought 1824 (Photo © National Gallery, London/Art Resource, NY).
- 2.10. Andrea Mantegna, Pallas and the Vices, c. 1500-1502. Tempera on canvas, 159 × 192 cm. Musée du Louvre, Paris (Photo: Gérard Blot/© RMN-Grand Palais/Art Resource, NY).
- 2.11. Andrea Mantegna, Mars and Venus, 1497. Tempera on canvas, 160 × 192 cm. Musée du Louvre, Paris
(Photo © Photo Josse/Bridgeman Images).
- 2.12. Pietro Perugino, Battle of Chastity and Lasciviousness, 1503. Tempera on canvas, 160 × 191 cm. Musée du Louvre, Paris (Photo: Philippe Fuzeau/© RMN-Grand Palais/Art Resource, NY).
- 2.13. Lorenzo Costa, Coronation of a Woman Poet, 1505-1506. Oil and tempera on canvas, 164.5 × 197.5 cm. Musée du Louvre, Paris (Photo: Scala/Art Resource, NY).
- 2.14. Lorenzo Costa, Comus, c. 1507-1511. Tempera on canvas, 152 × 239 cm. Musée du Louvre, Paris
(Photo: Scala/Art Resource, NY).
- 2.15. Jacques Stella, Liberality of Titus (Allegory of the Liberality of Louis XIII and Cardinal Richelieu), c. 1637-1638. Oil on canvas, 191 × 146.2 cm. Fogg Museum, Harvard Art Museums, Cambridge, MA, gift in part of Lewis G. and Charles Nierman and pu
- 2.16. Nicolas Poussin, Hymenaios Disguised as a Woman During an Offering to Priapus, c. 1634-1638. Oil on canvas, 167 × 376 cm. Museu de Arte, São Paulo (Photo © DeA Picture Library/Art Resource, NY).
- 2.17. Nicolas Poussin, Birth of Priapus, c. 1622-1623. Graphite underdrawing, pen and brown ink, brown wash on paper, 19.4 × 32.3 cm. Royal Library, Windsor Castle (Photo: Royal Collection Trust/© Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2019).
- 2.18. Nicolas Poussin, Rinaldo and Armida, c. 1627. Oil on canvas, 95 × 133 cm. Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts, Moscow (Photo: Scala/Art Resource, NY).
- 2.19. Nicolas Poussin, Rinaldo and Armida, c. 1628. Oil on canvas, 80 × 107 cm. Dulwich Picture Gallery, London (Photo: Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY).
- 2.20. Nicolas Poussin, Venus, Satyr, Faun, and Cupids, c. 1626-1630. Oil on canvas, 96 × 74.5 cm. Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister, Staatliche Kunstsammlungen, Kassel (Photo: Ute Brunzel/ Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister, Kassel/© Museumslandschaft Hessen Kassel/ B
- 2.21. Nicolas Poussin, Landscape with Polyphemus, 1649. Oil on canvas, 150 × 198 cm. State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg (Photo: Scala/Art Resource, NY).
- 2.22. Nicolas Poussin, Amor Vincit Pan, c. 1625-1627. Slight graphite underdrawing, pen and gray-brown ink, gray-brown wash on paper, 11.5 × 14.1 cm. Royal Library, Windsor Castle (Photo: Royal Collection Trust/© Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2019).
- 2.23. Nicolas Poussin, Venus and Mercury, c. 1627-1629. Oil on canvas, cut down, right-hand part 78 x 85 cm. Dulwich Picture Gallery, London (Photo: Dulwich Picture Gallery, London/Bridgeman Images)
- 3.1. Nicolas Poussin, Venus and Adonis, c. 1624-1625. Oil on canvas, 98.5 × 134.6 cm. Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, TX (Photo: Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth/Art Resource, NY)
- 3.2. Titian, Venus and Adonis, 1554. Oil on canvas, 186 × 207 cm. Museo del Prado, Madrid (Photo: Museo del Prado, Madrid/HIP/Art Resource, NY).
- 3.3. Nicolas Poussin, Venus and Adonis, 1625. Oil on canvas, 75 × 99 cm. Rhode Island School of Design Museum, Providence, RI (Photo: Rhode Island School of Design Museum).
- 3.4. The Erotes. Engraving from Blaise de Vigenère, Les images ou tableaux de platte peinture des deux Philostrates (Paris: l’Angelier, 1629), p. 41. Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris (Photo: Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris/Bridgeman Images).
- 3.5. Nicolas Poussin, Acis and Galatea, 1627-1628. Oil on canvas, 98 × 137 cm. National Gallery of Ireland, Dublin (Photo © National Gallery of Ireland).
- 3.6. Nicolas Poussin, Polyphemus Discovering Acis and Galatea, c. 1622-1623. Graphite underdrawing, pen and brown ink, brown wash on paper, 18.5 × 32.3 cm. Royal Library, Windsor Castle (Photo: Royal Collection Trust/© Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2019)
- 3.7. Nicolas Poussin, Triumph of Neptune and Amphitrite, 1635-1636. Oil on canvas, 114.5 × 146.5 cm. Philadelphia Museum of Art, George W. Elkins Collection, 1932 (Photo: Philadelphia Museum of Art/Art Resource, NY).
- 3.8. Palaemon, from Vincenzo Cartari, Imagini de gli dei, Padua: P. P. Tozzi, 1615, p. 534 (Photo: Author)
- 3.9. Nicolas Poussin, Arcadian Shepherds, c. 1628-1629. Oil on canvas, 101 × 82 cm. Collection of Duke of Devonshire, Chatsworth Settlement Trust, Chatsworth (Photo: Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY).
- 3.10. Guercino, Arcadian Shepherds, c. 1618-1622. Oil on canvas, 81 × 91 cm. Galleria Nazionale d’Arte Antica, Palazzo Barberini, Rome (Photo: Alfredo Dagli Orti/Art Resource, NY).
- 3.11. Nicolas Poussin, The Four Seasons: Spring (Earthly Paradise), 1660-1664. Oil on canvas, 116 × 160 cm. Musée du Louvre, Paris (Photo: Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY).
- 3.12. Nicolas Poussin, The Four Seasons: Summer (Ruth and Boaz), 1660-1664. Oil on canvas, 116 × 160 cm. Musée du Louvre, Paris (Photo: Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY).
- 3.13. Nicolas Poussin, Mars and Venus, c. 1627-1628. Oil on canvas, 155 × 213.5 cm. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Augustus Hemenway Fund and Arthur William Wheelright Fund (Photo: Museum of Fine Arts, Boston/Bridgeman Images).
- 3.14. Nicolas Poussin, Tancred and Erminia, c. 1631. Oil on canvas, 98 × 147 cm. State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg (Photo: Scala/Art Resource, NY).
- 3.15. Nicolas Poussin, Tancred and Erminia, c. 1633-1634. Oil on canvas, 75.5 × 99.7 cm. Barber Institute of Fine Arts, University of Birmingham (Photo: Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY).
- 3.16. Nicolas Poussin, Venus with the Dead Adonis, c. 1626-1627. Oil on canvas, 57 × 128 cm. Musée des Beaux-Arts, Caen (Photo: Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY).
- 3.17. Nicolas Poussin, Landscape with Juno and Argus, 1636-1637. Oil on canvas, 120 × 195 cm. Gemäldegalerie, Berlin (Photo: Jörg P. Anders/bpk Bildagentur/Gemäldegalerie, Berlin/Art Resource, NY)
- 4.1. Nicolas Poussin, Medea Killing her Children, c. 1649-1650. Pen and brown ink on paper, 15.9 × 16.7 cm. Royal Library, Windsor Castle (Photo: Royal Collection Trust/© Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2019).
- 4.2. Nicolas Poussin, Medea Killing her Children, c. 1649-1650. Slight black underdrawing, pen and brown ink, pale brown wash on paper, 25.5 × 19.9 cm. Royal Library, Windsor Castle (Photo: Royal Collection Trust/© Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2019).
- 4.3. Nicolas Poussin, Diana Killing Acteon, c. 1625-1627. Pale blue paper, slight graphite (?) underdrawing, pen and brown ink on paper, 15 × 23.6 cm. Royal Library, Windsor Castle (Photo: Royal Collection Trust/© Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2019).
- 4.4. Titian, Death of Acteon, c. 1559-1575. Oil on canvas, 178.8 × 197.8 cm. National Gallery, London (Photo: National Gallery, London/Bridgeman Images).
- 4.5. Nicolas Poussin, Landscape with Diana and Orion, 1658. Oil on canvas, 119 × 183 cm. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, Fletcher Fund, 1924 (Photo: Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York).
- 4.6. Nicolas Poussin, Diana Slaying Chione, c. 1622-1623. Pen and brown ink, brown wash on paper, 18.5 × 31.5 cm. Royal Library, Windsor Castle (Photo: Royal Collection Trust/© Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2019).
- 4.7. Nicolas Poussin, Birth of Adonis, c. 1622-1623. Pen and brown ink, gray wash on paper, 18.3 × 32.5 cm. Royal Library, Windsor Castle (Photo: Royal Collection Trust/© Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2019).
- 4.8. Marcantonio Franceschini, Birth of Adonis, c. 1685-1690. Oil on copper, 48.5 × 69 cm. Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister, Dresden (Photo: Elke Estel, Hans-Peter Klut/bpk Bildagentur/Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister, Dresden/Art Resource, NY).
- 4.9. Nicolas Poussin, Mercury, Herse, and Aglauros, c. 1627. Oil on canvas, 53 × 77 cm. École Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts, Paris (Photo © Beaux-Arts de Paris/Dist. RMN-Grand Palais/Art Resource, NY).
- 4.10. Nicolas Poussin, Death of Sapphira, c. 1654. Oil on canvas, 122 × 199 cm. Musée du Louvre, Paris
(Photo: Scala/Art Resource, NY).
- 4.11. Raphael, Death of Ananias, 1515. Tempera on paper, 340 × 530 cm. Victoria and Albert Museum, London (Photo: Victoria and Albert Museum, London/Bridgeman Images).
- 5.1. Nicolas Poussin, Death of Virginia, c. 1634-1636. Pen and brown ink, brown wash on paper, 17.7 × 23.4 cm. Royal Library, Windsor Castle (Photo: Royal Collection Trust/© Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2019).
- 5.2. Nicolas Poussin, Landscape with Orpheus and Eurydice, c. 1650. Oil on canvas, 124 × 200 cm. Musée du Louvre, Paris (Photo: Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY).
- 5.3. Nicolas Poussin, Orpheus in Hades, c. 1622-1623, Graphite underdrawing, pen and brown ink, grey wash on paper, 18.9 × 32 cm. Royal Library, Windsor Castle (Photo: Royal Collection Trust/© Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2019).
- 5.4. Nicolas Poussin, Landscape with Pyramus and Thisbe, 1651. Oil on canvas, 192 × 273 cm. Städelsches Kunstinstitut, Frankfurt (Photo: Städelsches Kunstinstitut, Frankfurt/HIP/Art Resource, NY).
- 5.5. Nicolas Poussin, Landscape with Pyramus and Thisbe, detail, 1651. Oil on canvas. Städelsches Kunstinstitut, Frankfurt (Photo: Städelsches Kunstinstitut, Frankfurt/HIP/Art Resource, NY).
- 5.6. Nicolas Poussin, Realm of Flora, 1631. Oil on canvas, 131 × 181 cm. Staatliche Gemäldegalerie, Dresden (Photo: Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY).
- 5.7. Nicolas Poussin, Massacre of the Innocents, 1627-1628. Oil on canvas, 147 × 171 cm. Musée Condé, Chantilly (Photo: Musée Condé, Chantilly/Bridgeman Images).
- 5.8. Nicolas Poussin, Massacre of the Innocents, c. 1626-1627. Oil on canvas, 97 × 131.7 cm. Musée des Beaux-Arts de la Ville, Paris (Photo: Bulloz/© RMN-Grand Palais/Art Resource, NY).
- 5.9. Marcantonio Raimondi, after Raphael, Massacre of the Innocents, c. 1512-1513. Engraving, 28.1 × 43 cm. British Museum, London (Photo © The Trustees of the British Museum, London/Art Resource, NY).
- 5.10. Nicolas Poussin, Christ and the Woman Taken in Adultery, c. 1653. Oil on canvas, 121 × 195 cm. Musée du Louvre, Paris (Photo: Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY).
- 5.11. Nicolas Poussin, Queen Zenobia found on the Banks of the River Arax, c. 1657-1660. Oil on canvas, 156 × 194.5 cm. State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg (Photo: State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg/HIP/Art Resource, NY).
- 5.12. Nicolas Poussin, Apollo and Daphne, 1625. Oil on canvas, 97 × 131 cm. Alte Pinakothek, Munich (Photo: bpk Bildagentur/Alte Pinakothek, Munich/Art Resource, NY).
- 5.13. Nicolas Poussin, Apollo and Daphne, 1664. Oil on canvas, 155 × 200 cm. Musée du Louvre, Paris (Photo: Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY).
- 5.14. Nicolas Poussin, Pan and Syrinx, 1637. Oil on canvas, 106.5 × 82 cm. Staatliche Gemäldegalerie, Dresden (Photo: Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY).
- 5.15. Nicolas Poussin, Rape of the Sabine Women, 1634. Oil on canvas, 154.6 × 210 cm. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, Harris Brisbane Dick Fund, 1946 (Photo: Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York).
- 5.16. Nicolas Poussin, Rape of the Sabine Women, c. 1637. Oil on canvas, 157 × 203 cm. Musée du Louvre, Paris (Photo: Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY).
- 5.17. Pietro da Cortona, Rape of the Sabine Women, c. 1627-1629. Oil on canvas, 280.5 × 426 cm. Pinacoteca Capitolina, Palazzo Conservatori, Rome (Photo: Pinacoteca Capitolina, Palazzo Conservatori, Rome/Bridgeman Images).
- 5.18. Nicolas Poussin, Battle between the Israelites and the Midianites, c. 1630. Graphite underdrawing, pen and brown ink, brown wash on paper, 16.3 × 28 cm. Royal Library, Windsor Castle (Photo: Royal Collection Trust/© Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 20
- 5.19. Nicolas Poussin, Rape of Europa, 1649. Pen with bistre wash on paper, 26.3 × 57.2 cm. Nationalmuseum, Stockholm (Photo: Author).
- 6.1. Nicolas Poussin, Echo and Narcissus, c. 1629-1630. Oil on canvas, 74 × 100 cm. Musée du Louvre, Paris
(Photo: Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY).
- 6.2. Nicolas Poussin, Hercules and Deianeira, c. 1637. Slight black underdrawing, pen and brown ink, brown wash on paper, 21.7 × 31.6 cm. Royal Library, Windsor Castle (Photo: Royal Collection Trust/© Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2019).
- 6.3. Nicolas Poussin, Continence of Scipio, 1640. Oil on canvas, 114.5 × 163.5 cm. Pushkin Museum, Moscow (Photo: Scala/Art Resource, NY).
- 6.4. Nicolas Poussin, Testament of Eudamidas, 1644-1648. Oil on canvas, 110.5 × 138.5 cm. Statens Museum for Kunst, Copenhagen (Photo: Statens Museum for Kunst, Copenhagen/Bridgeman Images).
- 6.5. Nicolas Poussin, Birth of Bacchus, 1657. Oil on canvas, 114.5 × 167.5 cm. Fogg Art Museum, Harvard Art Museums, Cambridge, MA, gift of Mrs. Samuel Sachs in memory of her husband (Photo: Fogg Art Museum, Harvard Art Museums, Cambridge, MA/Bridgeman Im
- 6.6. Nicolas Poussin, Achilles Among the Daughters of Lycomedes, c. 1651-1653. Oil on canvas, 97 × 129.5 cm. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Juliana Cheney Edwards Collection (Photo: Museum of Fine Arts, Boston/Bridgeman Images).
- 6.7. Nicolas Poussin, Achilles Among the Daughters of Lycomedes, c. 1656. Oil on canvas, 98 × 131 cm. Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Richmond, Arthur and Margaret Glasgow Fund (Photo: Travis Fullerton/© Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Richmond).
- 6.8. Nicolas Poussin, Judgment of Solomon, 1649. Oil on canvas, 101 × 150 cm. Musée du Louvre, Paris (Photo: Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY).
- 7.1. Nicolas Poussin, Landscape with the Ashes of Phocion Collected by His Widow, 1648. Oil on canvas, 116.5 × 178.5 cm. Walker Art Gallery, Liverpool (Photo: Walker Art Gallery, National Museums, Liverpool/Bridgeman Images).
- 7.2. Nicolas Poussin, Coriolanus, c. 1653. Oil on canvas, 112 × 198.5 cm. Musée Nicolas Poussin, Les Andelys (Photo: Christian Jean/© RMN-Grand Palais/Art Resource, NY).
- 7.3. Nicolas Poussin, Landscape with Numa Pompilius and the Nymph Egeria, c. 1626. Oil on canvas, 75 × 100. Musée Condé, Chantilly
(Photo: Harry Bréjatr/© RMN-Grand Palais/Art Resource, NY).
- 7.4. Nicolas Poussin, Arcadian Shepherds, 1638-1640. Oil on canvas, 85 × 121 cm. Musée du Louvre, Paris (Photo: Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY).
- 7.5. Nicolas Poussin, Finding of Moses, 1638. Oil on canvas, 93 × 121 cm. Musée du Louvre, Paris (Photo: Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY).
- 7.6. Nicolas Poussin, Theseus Finding his Father’s Arms, c. 1636-1637. Oil on canvas, 98 × 134 cm. Musée Condé, Chantilly (Photo © DeA Picture Library/Art Resource, NY).
- 7.7. Nicolas Poussin, Venus Bringing Arms to Aeneas, 1639. Oil on canvas, 105 × 142 cm. Musée des Beaux-Arts, Rouen (Photo: Gérard Blot/© RMN-Grand
Palais/Art Resource, NY).
- 7.8. Nicolas Poussin, Eliezer and Rebecca, 1648. Oil on canvas, 118 × 197 cm. Musée du Louvre, Paris (Photo: Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY).
- 7.9. Nicolas Poussin, Eliezer and Rebecca, c. 1660-1665. Oil on canvas, 96.5 × 138 cm. Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge (Photo © Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge/Art Resource, NY).
- 7. 10. Nicolas Poussin, Esther before Ahasuerus, 1655. Oil on canvas, 119 × 155 cm. State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg (Photo: Scala/Art Resource, NY).
- 7.11. Artemisia Gentileschi, Esther before Ahasuerus, 1630s. Oil on canvas, 208.3 × 273.7 cm. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, gift of Elinor Dorrance Ingersoll, 1969 (Photo: Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York).
- 7.12. Nicolas Poussin, Annunciation, 1657. Oil on canvas, 105.8 × 103.9 cm. National Gallery, London, presented by Christopher Norris, 1944 (Photo © National Gallery, London/Art Resource, NY).
- 7.13. Charles Mellin, Annunciation, c. 1626-1627. Oil on canvas, 75 × 95 cm. Musée Condé, Chantilly (Photo: Musée Condé, Chantilly/Bridgeman Images).
- 7.14. Nicolas Poussin, Holy Family on the Steps, 1648. Oil on canvas, 72.4 × 111.7 cm. Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. Fund (Photo: Cleveland Museum of Art/Bridgeman Images).
- 7.15. Nicolas Poussin, Assumption of the Virgin, c. 1631-1632. Oil on canvas, 134.5 × 98 cm. National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., Ailsa Mellon Bruce Fund (Photo: Art Resource, NY).
- 7.16. Nicolas Poussin, Assumption of the Virgin, 1649-1650. Oil on canvas, 57 × 40 cm. Musée du Louvre, Paris
(Photo: Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY).
- 7.17. Nicolas Poussin, The Virgin Appearing to St. James, c. 1629-1630. Oil on canvas, 301 × 242 cm. Musée du Louvre, Paris (Photo: Musée du Louve, Paris/Bridgeman Images).
- 7.18. Nicolas Poussin, The Seven Sacraments: Marriage, c. 1636-40. Oil on canvas, 95.5 × 121 cm. Dulwich Picture Gallery, London, on loan from the Duke of Rutland (Photo: Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY).
- 7.19. Nicolas Poussin, The Seven Sacraments: Marriage, 1647-1648. Oil on canvas, 117 × 178 cm. National Gallery of Scotland, Edinburgh, on loan from the Duke of Sutherland (Photo: Antonia Reeve Photography).
- Acknowledgments
- Part I – Violence and Virtue in Poussin’s Representations of Women
- Part II – Poussin’s Women—Cultural and Social Frames
- Part III – Paintings and Drawings
- 1. Predators
- 2. The Lustful—Triumphant, Impulsive, Spying, Conquered
- 3. Lovers—Genuine, Controlling, Unrequited, Jealous
- 4. Killers, Transgressors
- 5. Victims I—Killed, Assaulted
- 6. Victims II—Voiceless, Deceived
- 7. Heroines, Great Ladies
- Conclusion
- Bibliography
- Index