This book examines the art and ritual of flagellant confraternities in Italy from the fourteenth to the seventeenth centuries. Meeting regularly to beat themselves with whips, members of these confraternities concentrated on the suffering of Christ in the most extreme and committed way, and the images around them provided visual prompts of the Passion and the model suffering body. This study presents new findings related to a variety of artworks including altarpieces, banners, wall paintings, illuminated manuscripts, and paintings for the condemned, many from outside the Florence-Rome-Venice triangle.
- Flagellant Confraternities and Italian Art, 1260–1610
- Table of contents
- Abbreviations
- List of illustrations
- Colour plates
- Black-and-white figures
- Photograph credits and copyright notices
- Acknowledgements
- Introduction
- Art and religion, art and history
- Scholarship on confraternities
- Structure of the book
- Norms and experience, art and absorption
- Part I Art and ritual, to 1450
- 1. Flagellation and its settings
- A new iconography of the flagellant
- Blindness and the imagination
- The dark manner
- Vision, touch, imagination, immersion
- Contemplation of images
- Psalm 2:12 in flagellant art and ritual
- Mirror effects
- Remembering the dead
- Gesture
- Women in flagellant confraternities
- Opting out of flagellation
- 2. Images at entrances, and ascesis
- The Desert Fathers in Siena
- The staircase imagery and eremitical virtue
- Cassian’s Conferences
- John Climacus and the stairway to heaven
- Brother and book
- 3. Mass
- The liturgical calendar and experience of Mass: Siena and Venice
- The Missal of Santa Maria della Morte, Bologna
- 4. Comforting
- 5. Processions
- Part II Transformations
- 6. Changes in ritual before Trent
- The Confraternity of Sant’Innocenzo in Pavia and its altarpiece by Lorenzo Fasolo
- Liturgy, history, and iconography: some methodological considerations
- 7. Changes in imagery before Trent: Sansepolcro and Volterra
- Luca Signorelli’s banner-altarpiece
- Rosso Fiorentino’s Sansepolcro Deposition
- Rosso Fiorentino’s Volterra Deposition
- Looking ahead
- 8. After Trent: Florence and Milan
- The Flagellation by Giovanbattista Mossi
- The Confraternity of San Giovanni Battista del Gonfalone, Milan
- Carlo Borromeo and the flagellants of Milan
- The Oratory of San Giovanni Battista al Gonfalone
- Epilogue: Global flagellation
- Flagellation in Spain
- Flagellation in America
- Bibliography
- Manuscript sources
- Printed sources
- Secondary works
- Index of illuminated manuscripts (by location)
- Index of paintings (by location)
- Index of topics