In Panama in Black, Kaysha Corinealdi traces the multigenerational activism of Afro-Caribbean Panamanians as they forged diasporic communities in Panama and the United States throughout the twentieth century. Drawing on a rich array of sources including speeches, yearbooks, photographs, government reports, radio broadcasts, newspaper editorials, and oral histories, Corinealdi presents the Panamanian isthmus as a crucial site in the making of an Afro-diasporic world that linked cities and towns like Colón, Kingston, Panamá City, Brooklyn, Bridgetown, and La Boca. In Panama, Afro-Caribbean Panamanians created a diasporic worldview of the Caribbean that privileged the potential of Black innovation. Corinealdi maps this innovation by examining the longest-running Black newspaper in Central America, the rise of civic associations created to counter policies that stripped Afro-Caribbean Panamanians of citizenship, the creation of scholarship-granting organizations that supported the education of Black students, and the emergence of national conferences and organizations that linked anti-imperialism and Black liberation. By showing how Afro-Caribbean Panamanians used these methods to navigate anti-Blackness, xenophobia, and white supremacy, Corinealdi offers a new mode of understanding activism, community, and diaspora formation.
- Cover
- Contents
- List of Abbreviations
- Acknowledgments
- Introduction: Legacies of Exclusion and Afro-Caribbean Diasporic World Making
- 1. Panama as Diaspora: Documenting Afro-Caribbean Panamanian Histories, 1928–1936
- 2. Activist Formations: Fighting for Citizenship Rights and Forging Afro-Diasporic Alliances, 1940–1950
- 3. Todo por la Patria: Diplomacy, Anticommunism, and the Rhetoric of Assimilation, 1950–1954
- 4. To Be Panamanian: The Canal Zone, Nationalist Sacrifices, and the Price of Citizenship, 1954–1961
- 5. Panama in New York: Las Servidoras and Engendering an Educated Black Diaspora, 1953–1970
- Conclusion: Afro-Caribbean Panamanians and the Future of Diasporic World Making
- Notes
- Bibliography
- Index
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