The hazard posed by large dams has long been known. Although no concrete dam has failed as a result of earthquake activity, there have been instances of significant damage. Concerns about the seismic safety of concrete dams have been growing recently because the population at risk in locations downstream of major dams continues to expand and because the seismic design concepts in use at the time most existing dams were built were inadequate.
In this book, the committee evaluates current knowledge about the earthquake performance of concrete dams, including procedures for investigating the seismic safety of such structures. Earthquake Engineering for Concrete Dams specifically informs researchers about state-of-the-art earthquake analysis of concrete dams and identifies subject areas where additional knowledge is needed.
- Earthquake Engineering for Concrete Dams: Design, Performance, and Research Needs
- Copyright
- Contents
- Executive Summary
- EARTHQUAKE INPUT
- LINEAR RESPONSE ANALYSIS
- NONLINEAR RESPONSE ANALYSIS
- OBSERVATIONAL EVIDENCE
- SEISMIC PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
- 1 Introduction
- THE HAZARD OF DAMS
- SEISMIC SAFETY OF CONCRETE DAMS
- SCOPE OF THE REPORT
- 2 Earthquake Input
- EARTHQUAKE EXCITATION CONCEPTS
- Standard Base Input Model
- Massless Foundation Rock Model
- Deconvolution Base Rock Input Model
- Free-Field Input Model
- PRESENT STATUS OF KNOWLEDGE
- Prediction of Free-Field Motion
- Two-Dimensional Case—Method
- Two-Dimensional Case—Results
- Three-Dimensional Case
- Applicability of the Results
- Measured Motions of Foundation Rock
- Predicted Response to Spatially Varying Input
- Dynamic Excitation
- Fault Displacement
- STATUS OF STRONG-MOTION INSTRUMENT NETWORKS
- RESEARCH NEEDS
- 3 Analysis of Linear Response
- PRELIMINARY COMMENTS
- STATIC ANALYSIS
- Traditional Analysis and Design
- Earthquake Performance of Koyna Dam
- Limitations of Traditional Procedures
- DYNAMIC ANALYSIS
- Arch Dam Analysis Forerunner
- Finite Element Modeling
- Foundation Model Deficiency
- Limitations of Reservoir Water Interaction Models
- PRESENT KNOWLEDGE AND CAPABILITIES
- Conclusions About Interaction Effects
- Dynamic Analysis Procedures and Computer Programs
- Two-Dimensional Analysis
- Three-Dimensional Analysis
- Simplified Dynamic Analysis Procedures
- RESEARCH NEEDS
- 4 Nonlinear Analysis and Response Behavior
- INTRODUCTION
- CHARACTERISTICS OF NONLINEAR BEHAVIOR
- MATERIAL MODELS AND RESPONSE ANALYSIS
- CRITERIA FOR SAFETY EVALUATION
- SUMMARY OF RECENT RESEARCH
- Experimental Research
- Models for Concrete Cracking
- Analytical Research
- RESEARCH NEEDS
- 5 Experimental and Observational Evidence
- EARTHQUAKE EXPERIENCE
- Cases with Strongest Shaking
- Cases with Recorded Responses
- Analyses to Reproduce Earthquake Response
- FIELD VIBRATION TESTS: FORCED AND AMBIENT
- MODEL TESTS
- RESEARCH NEEDS
- 6 Recommended Criteria for Evaluating Seismic Performance
- BACKGROUND
- PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS
- Initial Conditions Resulting from Static Loads
- Effects of Construction Sequence
- Temperature Effects
- Creep Effects
- Uplift
- Deformation Modulus of Foundation Rock
- Two-Dimensional Versus Three-Dimensional Analytical Models
- GUIDELINES FOR EVALUATING RESULTS FROM LINEAR ANALYSES
- Concrete Strengths During Earthquake Loading
- Evaluating Seismic Performance
- Arch and Gravity Dams
- Buttress Dams
- GUIDELINES FOR EVALUATING RESULTS FROM NONLINEAR ANALYSES
- GUIDELINES FOR EVALUATING FOUNDATION STABILITY
- Sliding Stability Along Concrete-Foundation Contacts
- Sliding Stability Within Foundations
- STABILITY FOLLOWING FAULT DISPLACEMENT
- EVALUATION OF CRITERIA
- Present Criteria
- Deformation-Based Criteria
- Probability-Based Criteria
- RESEARCH NEEDS
- References
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