Within the past decade, six Engineering Research Centers opened on university campuses across the United States. This book reviews the lessons learned as the centers got under way, and examines the interrelationship among universities, government, industry, and the research establishment. Leaders from business, government, and universities discuss in this volume the challenges now facing American industry; the roots and early development of the research center concept; the criteria used in selecting the six centers; the structure and research agenda of each center; the projected impact of the centers on competitiveness of U.S. technology; and the potential for further research in biotechnology, electronics, robotics, and related areas.
- The New Engineering Research Centers
- Copyright
- PREFACE
- Contents
- SUMMARY
- INTRODUCTION
- I THE NATIONAL GOAL
- Improving the U.S. Position in International Industrial Competitiveness
- Engineering Research and International Competitiveness
- ENGINEERING RESEARCH PROVIDES THE MISSING LINK
- A Neglected Element of the Technology Development Process
- Missing Elements in the Education of Engineering Researchers
- THE ENGINEERING RESEARCH CENTERS: BRIDGING GAPS
- Bridging Gaps Between Universities and Industry
- Bridging Gaps Among Engineering Disciplines
- Bridging Gaps Within the Innovation Process
- SUMMARY
- DISCUSSION
- Science and Engineering: A Continuum
- EXAMPLES OF THE CONTINUUM
- CROSS-DISCIPLINARY WORK AND ERCS
- DISCUSSION
- II GENESIS OF THE ENGINEERING RESEARCH CENTERS
- The Concept and Goals of the Engineering Research Centers
- INTRODUCTION
- CHANGES IN THE NSF ENGINEERING DIRECTORATE
- RATIONALE FOR THE ERCS
- SELECTION FACTORS
- MEASURES OF SUCCESS
- NSF STRATEGY FOR STRENGTHENING ENGINEERING
- DISCUSSION
- The Criteria Used in Selecting the First Centers
- Nurturing the Engineering Research Centers
- NEW FEATURES OF THE 1986 ANNOUNCEMENT
- COMMON DEFICIENCIES IN PROPOSALS
- ERC MANAGEMENT ISSUES
- “Systems Aspects”
- Information Exchange
- Evaluation
- OUTLOOK FOR THE FUTURE
- DISCUSSION
- III THE CENTERS AS A REALITY—PLANS, MECHANISMS, AND INTERACTIONS
- Systems Research Center
- INTRODUCTION
- The Research Theme and Its Significance
- Educational Needs
- THE RESEARCH PROGRAM
- THE EDUCATIONAL PLAN
- INDUSTRIAL COLLABORATION PLAN
- CONCLUSION: A FORMULA FOR SUCCESS
- References
- Center for Intelligent Manufacturing Systems
- SUMMARY
- INTRODUCTION
- FOCUS OF THE CENTER
- THE RESEARCH PROGRAM
- THE EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM
- INDUSTRIAL PARTICIPATION
- Mechanisms
- Technology Transfer
- Center for Robotic Systems in Microelectronics
- INTRODUCTION
- ROBOTICS AND MICROELECTRONICS
- MANAGEMENT AND RESEARCH METHODS
- INDUSTRIAL INTERACTION
- “Systems House” Approach
- Current Industrial Participation
- FACILITIES
- EDUCATION
- Center for Composites Manufacturing Science and Engineering
- OVERVIEW: THE CENTER'S GOALS AND CAPABILITIES
- OVERVIEW: THE RESEARCH PROGRAM
- Manufacturing and Processing Science
- Mechanics and Design Science
- Computation, Software, and Information Transfer
- Materials Design
- Materials Durabilityt
- Ceramics Research at Rutgers University
- ACADEMIC PROGRAM
- INDUSTRIAL INTERACTION
- FUTURE DEVELOPMENT PLANS
- Engineering Center for Telecommunications Research
- SUMMARY
- INTRODUCTION
- THE RESEARCH PROGRAM
- Overall Research Focus
- MAGNET: An Example of Current Research Activity
- EDUCATIONAL/INDUSTRIAL PROGRAMS
- Biotechnology Process Engineering Center
- INTRODUCTION
- STRUCTURE, MANAGEMENT, AND PLANNING OF THE CENTER
- EDUCATIONAL COMPONENTS
- Undergraduate Programs
- Graduate Programs
- Postdoctoral and Industrial Programs
- RESEARCH PROGRAMS
- Overview and Rationale
- Genetics and Molecular Biology for Protein Synthesis, Processing, and Excretion in Animal Cells and Yeast
- Concepts in Bioreactor Design, Scale-up, and Operation
- Downstream Processing for Product Isolation and Purification
- Biochemical Process Systems Engineering
- SUMMARY
- Methods for Ensuring Information and Technology Exchange Among the Centers
- INTRODUCTION
- OPTIONS FOR INFORMATION EXCHANGE
- Center Directors' Meetings
- The NSF Role: Cooperator and Facilitator
- Computer Networking
- Other Exchange Mechanisms
- BASIC PRINCIPLES
- CONCLUSION
- DISCUSSION
- New Factors in the Relationship Between Engineering Education and Research
- THE ERCS' EFFECT ON ACADEMIC RESEARCH AND EDUCATION
- SUPPORT OF THE UNDERGRADUATE SCHOOLS
- NEW FACTORS AFFECTING ENGINEERING EDUCATION
- References
- IV THE FUTURE—CHALLENGES AND EXPECTATIONS
- Challenges of a Technologically Competitive World: A Vision of the Year 2000
- WORLD POPULATION AND WEALTH
- FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES
- MORE INTENSE LABOR COMPETITION
- TECHNOLOGY AND CAPITAL TRANSFERS
- ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES
- High Replacement Costs
- Other Developing Alternatives
- NEW STRATEGIES FOR THE AMERICAN ECONOMY
- ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS
- Communications Bandwidth
- Electronics Costs
- Storage Capabilities
- Automation and Employment
- THE FLEXIBLY AUTOMATED FACTORY
- Customer Orientation
- Lower Costs
- Implementation
- Smaller-Scale, Flexible Operations
- HEALTHCARE COSTS AND THE FUTURE OF INDUSTRY
- Carcinogens, Mutagens, and Litigation
- National Healthcare Costs
- BIOTECHNOLOGY
- PROSPECTS AND CONCLUSIONS
- References
- Goals and Needs of U.S. Industry in a Technologically Competitive World
- INTRODUCTION
- FORCES IN OPPOSITION
- U.S. INDUSTRY IN TRANSITION
- THE FACTORY OF THE FUTURE
- THE STEEL INDUSTRY OF THE FUTURE
- CONCLUSION
- References
- A Mature but Rejuvenating Industry: Expectations Regarding the Engineering Research Centers
- A Growth Industry: Expectations Regarding the Engineering Research Centers
- OPPORTUNITIES FOR ERC UNIVERSITIES
- CENTER OPERATIONS
- EXPECTATIONS OF A GROWTH INDUSTRY
- Biotechnology and the Healthcare Industry: Expectations for Engineering Research
- HEALTHCARE: THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY
- ENGINEERING RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
- Manufacturing
- Drug Design and Synthesis
- New Drug Discovery
- CONCLUSION: THE NEED FOR ENGINEERS AT THE INTERFACE
- Challenges for Government
- Implications and Challenges for Industry
- Challenges for Academe
- Biographies
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