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Vaccine Supply and Innovation

Vaccine Supply and Innovation

  • Editor: National Academies Press
  • ISBN: 9780309035446
  • eISBN Pdf: 9780309581523
  • Lloc de publicació:  United States
  • Any de publicació digital: 1985
  • Mes: Gener
  • Pàgines: 223
  • DDC: 614
  • Idioma: Anglés

The United States is facing a vaccine shortage that may threaten public health. This book examines vaccine research and development, production and supply, and utilization and offers recommendations aimed at ensuring vaccine supply and promoting innovation. In addition, this comprehensive volume provides information on the adverse reactions associated with the range of vaccines used in the United States and contains the most thorough analysis ever published on the state of the law regarding vaccine-related injury and compensation for vaccine injury.

  • Vaccine Supply and Innovation
  • Copyright
  • Preface
  • Contents
  • Vaccine Supply and Innovation
  • 1 Summary
    • OVERVIEW
    • VACCINE AVAILABILITY: MAJOR BARRIERS AND IMPEDIMENTS
      • Impediments to Vaccine Innovation
    • ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VACCINE INDUSTRY
    • VACCINE INJURY
    • THE LEGAL SITUATION AND ITS CONSEQUENCES
    • CONSEQUENCES OF THE STATE OF VACCINE INJURY LIABILITY LAW FOR VACCINE PRODUCTION AND INNOVATION
    • A NATIONAL VACCINE COMMISSION
    • COMPENSATION AND LIABILITY FOR VACCINE-RELATED INJURY
  • 2 Vaccines: Past, Present, and Future
    • TYPES OF IMMUNIZATION
    • HISTORY OF IMMUNIZATION
    • THE PRESENT
      • Development of Vaccines and Recommendations for Vaccine Use
    • THE FUTURE
    • REFERENCES AND NOTES
  • 3 Vaccine Availability: Concerns, Barriers, and Impediments
    • CONCERNS ABOUT THE CURRENT SITUATION
      • Supply
      • Stockpiling of Vaccines
      • Problems with Sole Reliance on Foreign Manufacturers
      • Federal Action to Ensure Vaccine Supply
    • BARRIERS AND IMPEDIMENTS TO VACCINE INNOVATION
      • Identification of Need and Establishing Priorities
      • Establishing the Technical Feasibility of Vaccine Development
      • Economic Disincentives to Innovation and Production
      • Factors Influencing the Market for Vaccines
    • VACCINE UTILIZATION
      • System Factors
      • Client Factors
      • Provider Factors
    • CONCLUSIONS
      • Barriers and Impediments to Vaccine Innovation
    • REFERENCES AND NOTES
  • 4 Economic Aspects of Vaccine Innovation and Manufacturing
    • POTENTIAL CAUSES OF INDUSTRY DECLINE
      • Property Rights and Innovation
      • Regulation
      • Market Size
      • Liability and Risk
    • DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
      • The Market and Participants
      • Pricing
        • Research and Development
    • CONCLUSIONS
    • REFERENCES AND NOTES
  • 5 Vaccine Injury
    • The Pertussis Controversy
      • Identifying Individuals at High Risk of Adverse Effects
    • VACCINES USED IN CHILDHOOD
      • Pertussis Vaccine
      • Diphtheria Toxoid
      • Tetanus Toxoid
      • Poliomyelitis Vaccines
      • Measles Vaccine
      • Rubella Vaccine
      • Mumps Vaccine
    • VACCINES FOR ADULTS
      • Influenza Vaccines
      • Pneumococcal Vaccines
      • Meningococcal Vaccines
      • Rabies Vaccine
      • Hepatitis B Vaccine
    • SUMMARY
    • REFERENCES AND NOTES
  • 6 Liability for the Production and Sale of Vaccines
    • STATE OF THE LAW
      • Experience From the Swine Flu Vaccination Program
      • Recent Trends
      • The Issue of Punitive Damages
        • Summary of the Legal Situation
    • CONSEQUENCES OF THE STATE OF VACCINE INJURY LIABILITY LAW FOR VACCINE PRODUCTION AND INNOVATION
    • REFERENCES AND NOTES
  • 7 An Approach to the Problems of Communication, Coordination, and Collaboration in Vaccine Policy
    • HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
    • THE EXISTING STRUCTURE
      • Federal Agency Interactions
      • Public-Private Sector Interactions
      • Provider and Recipient Perceptions
    • PROBLEMS WITH THE PRESENT SITUATION
    • RECOMMENDATION FOR A VACCINE COMMISSION
      • Rationale for Establishment
      • Purpose and Functions
      • Reporting
      • Location, Establishment, Membership
      • Funding
      • Possible Areas of Activity
    • CONCLUSIONS
    • REFERENCES AND NOTES
  • 8 Vaccine Injury Compensation and Liability Remedies
    • COMPENSATION AND LIABILITY OPTIONS
      • The Rationale for Providing Compensation for Vaccine-Related Injury
    • THE COMPENSATION MECHANISM
      • Provision of Payments
      • The Amount and Nature of Payments
      • Defining Compensable Events
      • Establishing an Schedule of Payments
      • Source of Funding
      • Informed Consent
      • Administrative Location
      • Additional Issues
    • SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
    • REFERENCES AND NOTES
  • Appendix A Product License Holders
  • Appendix B A Vaccine Supply Public Insurance Option
    • REFERENCES
  • Appendix C No-Fault Vaccine Injury Insurance
  • Appendix D Injury Compensation Systems in the United States
    • VACCINE INJURY
      • Federal Legislation
      • State Legislation
    • COMPENSATION FOR OTHER INJURIES
      • Black Lung Compensation
      • Social Security Disability Compensation
    • REFERENCES
  • Appendix E Vaccine-Injury Compensation in Other Countries
    • DENMARK
    • FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY
    • FRANCE
    • JAPAN
    • SWITZERLAND
    • UNITED KINGDOM
  • Appendix F Proposed Vaccine-Injury Compensation Systems
    • S. 827—NATIONAL CHILDHOOD VACCINE-INJURY COMPENSATION ACT
      • Other Major Points
      • Revisions
    • H.R. 1780—THE NATIONAL CHILDHOOD VACCINE-INJURY COMPENSATION ACT
      • Compensation
    • AMA'S PROPOSED NATIONAL PEDIATRIC VACCINE-INJURY COMPENSATION ACT
    • A PROPOSAL BY THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS
      • Need for Legislation to Establish a Federal Compensation Program for Vaccine-Related Injuries in Childhood Immunization…
    • PROPOSED VACCINE-INJURY COMPENSATION ACT OF 1983
    • AMA'S PROPOSED MODEL STATE LEGISLATION ON VACCINE COMPENSATION
    • PROPOSED FEDERAL IMMUNIZATION INSURANCE CORPORATION
    • REFERENCES
  • Appendix G Mechanisms Used in Other Countries to Ensure Vaccine Supply
  • Appendix H Background Papers
    • CASE HISTORIES
    • ISSUES
    • PUBLIC SECTOR PERSPECTIVES
    • PRIVATE SECTOR PERSPECTIVES
  • Appendix I Biographical Notes on Committee Members and Consultants
  • Appendix J Recommendations for the Proposed Vaccine Commission
  • Index

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