This book, based on a conference, examines both quantitative and qualitative evidence regarding the low employment of women scientists and engineers in the industrial work force of the United States, as well as corporate responses to this underparticipation. It addresses the statistics underlying the question "Why so few?" and assesses issues related to the working environment and attrition of women professionals.
- Women Scientists and Engineers Employed in Industry Why So Few?
- Copyright
- Acknowledgments
- Contents
- List of Tables
- List of Figures
- Executive Summary
- I. The Representation of Women Scientists and Engineers in Industry
- ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT
- II. Barriers for Women in Corporate Culture
- ACCESS
- THE WORKPLACE ENVIRONMENT
- Paternalism
- Allegations of Reverse Discrimination
- Sexual Harassment
- Different Standards
- Styles of Communication
- Perceptions of the Role of Women
- RETENTION
- Opportunities for Advancement
- Salary Discrepancies
- Work-Family Issues
- III. Corporate Initiatives to Recruit and Retain Women Scientists and Engineers
- A LOOK AT SIX COMPANIES
- Xerox Corporation
- ALCOA
- Aerospace Corporation
- AT&T Bell Laboratories
- Scios Nova
- Barrios Technology: A Model Company
- ELEMENTS OF EFFECTIVE PROGRAMS
- Well-Developed Recruitment Initiatives
- Career Development
- Mentoring Programs
- Women's Networks
- Compensation and Bonuses
- Addressing Work-Family Issues
- ADDRESSING ATTRITION
- EVALUATION OF PROGRAMS
- IV. Attributes and Strategies for Successful Employment in Industry
- GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
- S&E Expertise and Competence
- Ability to Establish Goals and to Take Risks
- Strong Communication Skills
- Self-Confidence
- Openness to Change
- ADDITIONAL QUALITIES OF AN EFFECTIVE MANAGER OR ENTREPRENEUR
- Positive Attitude
- Sense of Humor
- Desire to Help Others
- Leadership
- Ability to Seize Opportunities
- SUCCESS FACTORS FOR THE WOMAN ENTREPRENEUR
- STRATEGIES FOR SUCCESS
- V. Conclusions
- Appendix A: Approaching Change
- THE CONTEXT
- COMPELLING ARGUMENTS
- RECURRING THEMES
- UNDERLYING ISSUES
- Power: Shared and Not Shared
- The System within Which Our Science and Engineering Enterprises Operate
- METAPHORS TO STIMULATE UNDERSTANDING AND COMMUNICATION
- CURRENT RESEARCH
- Appendix B Related Tables
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