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Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals

Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals

Volume 1

  • Publisher: National Academies Press
  • ISBN: 9780309072946
  • eISBN Pdf: 9780309565080
  • eISBN Epub: 9780309183543
  • Place of publication:  United States
  • Year of digital publication: 2001
  • Month: January
  • Pages: 220
  • Language: English

In the Bhopal disaster of 1984, approximately 2,000 residents living near a chemical plant were killed and 20,000 more suffered irreversible damage to their eyes and lungs following the accidental release of methyl isocyanate. This tragedy served to focus international attention on the need for governments to identify hazardous substances and assist local communities in planning how to deal with emergency exposures. Since 1986, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has been tasked with identifying extremely hazardous substances and, in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency and the Department of Transportation, assist local emergency response planners. The National Advisory Committee on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances was established in 1995 to develop acute exposure guideline levels (AEGLs) for high priority toxic chemicals that could be released into the air from accidents at chemical plants, storage sites, or during transportation. This book reviews toxicity documents on five chemicals—chlorine, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen fluoride, toluene, and uranium hexafluoride—for their scientific validity, comprehensives, internal consistency, and conformance to the 1993 guidelines report.

  • Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals
  • Copyright
  • Preface
  • Contents
  • Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals
  • Introduction
    • SUMMARY OF REPORT ON GUIDELINES FOR DEVELOPING AEGLS
    • REVIEW OF AEGL REPORTS
    • REFERENCES
  • Roster of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances
    • COMMITTEE MEMBERS
    • OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY STAFF
    • NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE STAFF
  • Appendix
    • 1 Aniline1 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels
      • SUMMARY
      • 1. INTRODUCTION
      • 2. HUMAN TOXICITY DATA
        • 2.1. Acute Lethality
        • 2.2. Nonlethal Toxicity
          • 2.2.1. Experimental Studies
          • 2.2.2. Epidemiology Studies
          • 2.2.3. Accidents
        • 2.3. Developmental and Reproductive Effects
        • 2.4. Genotoxicity
        • 2.5. Carcinogenicity
        • 2.6. Summary
      • 3. ANIMAL TOXICITY DATA
        • 3.1. Acute Lethality
          • 3.1.1. Rats
          • 3.1.2. Mice
        • 3.2. Nonlethal Toxicity
          • 3.2.1. Dogs
          • 3.2.2. Rats
          • 3.2.3. Mice
          • 3.2.4 Guinea pigs
        • 3.3. Developmental and Reproductive Effects
        • 3.4. Genotoxicity
        • 3.5. Carcinogenicity
        • 3.6. Summary
      • 4. SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
        • 4.1. Metabolism and Disposition
        • 4.2. Mechanism of Toxicity
        • 4.3. Structure-Activity Relationships
        • 4.4. Other Relevant Information
          • 4.4.1. Susceptible Subpopulations
          • 4.4.2. Species Differences
          • 4.4.3. Concentration-Exposure Duration Relationship
      • 5. DATA ANALYSIS FOR AEGL-1
        • 5.1. Human Data Relevant to AEGL-1
        • 5.2. Animal Data Relevant to AEGL-1
        • 5.3. Derivation of AEGL-1
      • 6. DATA ANALYSIS FOR AEGL-2
        • 6.1. Human Data Relevant to AEGL-2
        • 6.2. Animal Data Relevant to AEGL-2
        • 6.3. Derivation of AEGL-2
      • 7. DATA ANALYSIS FOR AEGL-3
        • 7.1. Human Data Relevant to AEGL-3
        • 7.2. Animal Data Relevant to AEGL-3
        • 7.3. Derivation of AEGL-3
      • 8. SUMMARY OF AEGLS
        • 8.1. AEGL Values and Toxicity Endpoints
        • 8.2. Comparisons with Other Standards and Guidelines
        • 8.3. Data Adequacy and Research Needs
      • 9. REFERENCES
    • 2 Arsine1 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels
      • SUMMARY
      • 1. INTRODUCTION
      • 2. HUMAN TOXICITY DATA
        • 2.1. Acute Lethality
          • 2.1.1. Case Reports
        • 2.2. Nonlethal Toxicity
          • 2.2.1. Case Reports
          • 2.2.2. Epidemiologic Studies
        • 2.3. Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity
        • 2.4. Genotoxicity
        • 2.5. Carcinogenicity
        • 2.6. Summary
      • 3. ANIMAL TOXICITY DATA
        • 3.1. Acute Lethality
          • 3.1.1. Nonhuman Primates
          • 3.1.2. Dogs
          • 3.1.3. Cats
          • 3.1.4 Rats
          • 3.1.5. Mice
        • 3.2. Nonlethal Toxicity
          • 3.2.1. Nonhuman Primates
          • 3.2.2. Rats
          • 3.2.3. Mice
          • 3.2.4. Hamsters
        • 3.3. Developmental/Reproductive Toxicity
          • 3.3.1. Rats
          • 3.3.2. Mice
        • 3.4. Genotoxicity
        • 3.5. Carcinogenicity
        • 3.6. Summary
      • 4. SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
        • 4.1. Metabolism and Disposition
        • 4.2. Mechanism of Toxicity
        • 4.3. Structure-Activity Relationships
        • 4.4. Other Relevant Information
          • 4.4.1. Species Variability
          • 4.4.2. Unique Physicochemical Properties
          • 4.4.3. Concurrent Exposure Issues
      • 5. DATA ANALYSIS AND PROPOSED AEGL-1
        • 5.1. Summary of Human Data Relevant to AEGL-1
        • 5.2. Summary of Animal Data Relevant to AEGL-1
        • 5.3. Derivation of AEGL-1
      • 6. DATA ANALYSIS AND PROPOSED AEGL-2
        • 6.1. Human Data Relevant to AEGL-2
        • 6.2. Animal Data Relevant to AEGL-2
        • 6.3. Derivation of AEGL-2
      • 7. DATA ANALYSIS AND PROPOSED AEGL-3
        • 7.1. Human Data Relevant to AEGL-3
        • 7.2. Summary of Animal Data Relevant to AEGL-3
        • 7.3. Derivation of AEGL-3
      • 8. SUMMARY OF PROPOSED AEGLS
        • 8.1. AEGL Values and Toxicity Endpoints
        • 8.2. Comparison with Other Standards and Criteria
        • 8.3. Data Adequacy and Research Needs
      • 9. REFERENCES
    • 3 Monomethylhydrazine1 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels
      • SUMMARY
      • 1. INTRODUCTION
      • 2. HUMAN TOXICITY DATA
        • 2.1. Acute Lethality
        • 2.2. Nonlethal Toxicity
          • 2.2.1. Acute Exposure Studies
          • 2.2.2. Epidemiologic Studies
        • 2.3. Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity
        • 2.4. Genotoxicity
        • 2.5. Carcinogenicity
        • 2.6. Summary
      • 3. ANIMAL TOXICITY DATA
        • 3.1. Acute Lethality
          • 3.1.1. Nonhuman Primates
          • 3.1.2. Dogs
          • 3.1.3. Rats
          • 3.1.4. Mice
          • 3.1.5. Hamsters
        • 3.2. Nonlethal Toxicity
          • 3.2.1. Nonhuman Primates
        • 3.2.2. Dogs
          • 3.2.3. Rats
          • 3.2.4. Mice
        • 3.3. Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity
        • 3.4. Genotoxicity
        • 3.5. Carcinogenicity
        • 3.6. Summary
      • 4. SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
        • 4.1. Metabolism and Disposition
        • 4.2. Mechanism of Toxicity
        • 4.3. Structure-Activity Relationships
        • 4.4. Other Relevant Information
          • 4.4.1. Species Variability
          • 4.4.2. Unique Physicochemical Properties
          • 4.4.3. Concurrent Exposure Issues
      • 5. DATA ANALYSIS FOR AEGL-1
        • 5.1. Summary of Human Data Relevant to AEGL-1
        • 5.2. Summary of Animal Data Relevant to AEGL-1
      • 6. DATA ANALYSIS FOR AEGL-2
        • 6.1. Summary of Human Data Relevant to AEGL-2
        • 6.2. Summary of Animal Data Relevant to AEGL-2
        • 6.3. Derivation of AEGL-2
      • 7. DATA ANALYSIS FOR AEGL-3
        • 7.1. Summary of Human Data Relevant to AEGL-3
        • 7.2. Summary of Animal Data Relevant to AEGL-3
        • 7.3. Derivation of AEGL-3
      • 8. SUMMARY OF PROPOSED AEGLS
        • 8.1. AEGL Values and Toxicity Endpoints
        • 8.2. Comparison with Other Standards and Criteria
        • 8.3. Data Adequacy and Research Needs
      • 9. REFERENCES
    • 4 Dimethylhydrazine1 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels
      • SUMMARY
      • 1. INTRODUCTION
      • 2. HUMAN TOXICITY DATA
        • 2.1. Acute Lethality
        • 2.2. Nonlethal Toxicity
          • 2.2.1. Acute Exposure Case Reports
          • 2.2.2. Epidemiologic Studies
        • 2.3. Developmental and Reproductive
        • 2.4. Genotoxicity
        • 2.5. Carcinogenicity
        • 2.6. Summary
      • 3. ANIMAL TOXICITY DATA
        • 3.1. Acute Lethality
          • 3.1.1 Nonhuman Primates
          • 3.1.2. Dogs
          • 3.1.3. Rats
          • 3.1.4. Mice
          • 3.1.5. Hamsters
        • 3.2. Nonlethal Toxicity
          • 3.2.1. Nonhuman Primates
          • 3.2.2. Dogs
          • 3.2.3. Rats
          • 3.2.4. Mice
        • 3.3. Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity
        • 3.4. Genotoxicity
        • 3.5. Carcinogenicity
        • 3.6. Summary
      • 4. SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
        • 4.1. Metabolism and Disposition
        • 4.2. Mechanism of Toxicity
        • 4.3. Structure-Activity Relationships
        • 4.4. Other Relevant Information
          • 4.4.1. Species Variability
          • 4.4.2. Unique Physicochemical Properties
          • 4.4.3. Concurrent Exposure Issues
      • 5. DATA ANALYSIS FOR AEGL-1
        • 5.1. Summary of Human Data Relevant to AEGL-1
        • 5.2. Summary of Animal Data Relevant to AEGL-1
        • 5.3. Derivation of AEGL-1
      • 6. DATA ANALYSIS FOR AEGL-2
        • 6.1. Summary of Human Data Relevant to AEGL-2
        • 6.2. Summary of Animal Data Relevant to AEGL-2
        • 6.3. Derivation of AEGL-2
      • 7.
        • 7.1. Summary of Human Data Relevant to AEGL-3
        • 7.2. Summary of Animal Data Relevant to AEGL-3
        • 7.3. Derivation of AEGL-3
      • 8. SUMMARY OF PROPOSED AEGLS
        • 8.1. AEGL Values and Toxicity Endpoints
        • 8.2. Comparison with Other Standards and Criteria
        • 8.3. Data Adequacy and Research Needs
      • 9. REFERENCES
    • Appendixes
      • APPENDIX A DERIVATION OF AEGL VALUES
        • Derivation of AEGL-1
        • Derivation of AEGL-2
        • Derivation of AEGL-3
      • APPENDIX B TIME SCALING CALCULATIONS FOR DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE AEGLS
        • Dimethylhydrazine dog data from Weeks et al. 1963
        • Dimethylhydrazine rat data from Weeks et al. 1963
      • APPENDIX C CARCINOGENICITY ASSESSMENT OF DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE
      • APPENDIX D DERIVATION SUMMARY FOR ACUTE EXPOSURE GUIDELINE LEVELS FOR DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE (CAS NO. 57– ...

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