This book focuses on alternative definitions of landscape in archaeology, particularly those that explicitly address landscapes’ political aspects. In doing so, this volume emphasizes the non-static, dialogic nature of landscape within a community and acknowledges how a community’s composition and its relationship with the landscape can lead to tensions and even violent conflicts with other groups. It highlights the relevance of considering movement, borders, and conflict as sources for understanding how people create their own landscapes and how they reshape them in times of political conflict. For example, in contexts of colonization and war, people are forced to adapt to new politics and hierarchies as they see their personal and communal understanding of the world deeply transformed, something visible even today as political tensions constantly reshape local and global landscapes. Understanding how landscapes were created and contested in the past is essential for understanding their political, economic, and cultural manifestations in the present in order to better organize ourselves for a truly integrative future.
- Cover
- Table of Contents
- Introduction: Contested and Political Landscapes
- Eduardo Herrera Malatesta
- 1. On Contested Taskscapes
- Eduardo Herrera Malatesta
- 2. Archaeology in the Tripartito: Landscape and the Nation-state in the South-central Andes
- 3. The Dramatised Landscape of Juktas: A Topoanalytic Approach to a Minoan Peak Sanctuary in Crete
- 4. Lived Space of Displaced People: A Comparative Approach to Contested Spaces in Iron Age Northern Mesopotamia and Modern Berlin
- 5. The Landscape of Moving Tree Trunks and Other Unnatural Phenomenon: Contesting Archaeologies from the Global South
- 6. Landscapes of Power and Resilience: Aristocratic-Driven Landscapes in the Duero Basin
- 7. Changing Landscapes, Changing People in North-western New Mexico
- 8. Cruzando la Cerca: Indigenous Mounded Landscapes in Nicaragua
- 9. Pretoria, Drawing Board of the Apartheid Regime
- 10. Discussion: Reconsidering All That You See: Reassessing Landscapes in Archaeology
- Juan P. Bellón and Carmen Rueda
- Index
- List of Figures
- Figure 1.1 The Montecristi province (Dominican Republic) in the Caribbean context. The base map was created using the Natural Earth public domain data, scale 1:10 m.
- Figure 1.2 Example of the distribution of spatial datasets, Montecristi province, Dominican Republic.
- Figure 2.1 Map showing the shifting borders between Peru and Chile, 1883–1929. Map by author.
- Figure 2.2 Detail from a 1914 map of the contested borders and territories at stake in the planned Tacna-Arica plebiscite. Annotations on a 1910 map from the Oficina de Mensura de Tierras; reproduced permission of the Archivo Nacional Histórico de Chile (
- Figure 2.3 Map showing the two project areas (Tambos de Palca, 2015, and Tambos de Tacora, 2018) and historical trackways traced using satellite imagery. Map by author.
- Figure 2.4 19th-century tambos (way stations) at Libertad A (Palca, Peru) and Ancara (Tacora, Chile), recorded during the two survey projects. Photos by author.
- Figure 2.5 View of the Pucamarca gold mine (Peru) and an exploded mortar round on the Chilean side of the border near Tacora. Photos by author.
- Figure 3.1 Map with the location of Mount Juktas and the most important Minoan sites in the wider region. Source: Google Map formatted by the author.
- Figure 3.2 View towards the sea from the peak of Mount Juktas.
- Figure 3.3 Map with the location of the peak sanctuary and its neighbouring sites. Source: Google Map formatted by the author.
- Figure 3.4 Plan of the peak sanctuary at Mount Juktas with the indication of entrances and passages (in red and pink), space of main “scene” (in blue and purple), space of “backstage” (in green), and intermediate space (in orange). Source: Plan originally
- Figure 4.1 The Neo-Assyrian Empire and important Urartian sites. Base map: https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright; Egbers, 2021, Fig. 2.
- Figure 4.2 Floor plan of the different areas in the royal palace of Khorsabad and their separation by corridors. Base map after Kertai (2015).
- Figure 4.3 Bronze-iron bell inscribed with the Urartian royal name Argishti (c. 789–766 BCE; 8.7 × 5.6 × 5.6 cm). The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, acc. no. 1977.186, unknown provenance.
- Figure 4.4 Integrated environmental justice map of Berlin, area of Mohammed’s flat marked with a black circle. Source: EEA, based on Berlin Environmental Atlas/Senatsverwaltung für Umwelt, Verkehr und Klimaschutz, 2019.
- Figure 6.1 Models of social organisation. (A) Interpretation of Vettones society after the excavation of necropolis and distribution of social segments within the hillfort of Las Cogotas (Ruiz Zatero & Álvarez Sanchís, 1995, p. 231, Fig. 11). (B) Alternat
- Figure 6.2 Late Iron Age settlements in the middle and upper Duero Basin.
- Figure 6.3 Study area and site catchment analysis of Early Iron Age, Late Iron Age, and Early Roman periods in between the rivers Odra and Pisuerga (north-western Burgos province). After García Sánchez (2009, p. 91).
- Figure 6.4 Oppida-controlled landscape in the north-eastern sector of the Meseta. After Sacristán de Lama (2011).
- Figure 7.1 The location of the Meadows and the Morris 40 community in north-western New Mexico.
- Figure 7.2 The Morris 40 community between AD 750 and 1025. Three phases of community growth and development are shown, as well as important landscape features and alignments. The actual horizon is below the visible horizon, and the sunrise would appear s
- Figure 7.3 The Morris 40 community c. AD 1100, after the great house was constructed, settlement patterns shifted to single-household dwellings, and two road segments were added to the community landscape.
- Figure 7.4 The Morris 40 community c. AD 1150 showing the newly constructed great kiva atop an earlier road segment and a multi-household structure adjacent to the new great kiva.
- Figure 7.5 The historic and contemporary landscape at Morris 40 is a palimpsest of late-19th- and early-20th-century grazing features and oil and gas infrastructure added in the 1950s and 1960s.
- Figure 8.1 Map of the wider research area, including locations mentioned in the text.
- Figure 8.2 Landscape photos no. 1 and 2.
- Figure 8.3 Contemporary land use in the Chontales province.
- Figure 8.4 The Chontales ranching practices superseding Indigenous mound landscapes.
- Figure 8.5 500 Córdoba banknote, Central Bank of Nicaragua, released in 2007, showing both Zapatera- and Chontales-style sculptures.
- Figure 8.6 Redistributed mounds, now seen as a dry stone wall at a farmstead.
- Figure 9.1 Overview of Tshwane, consisting of Pretoria, its former townships, Centurion, and some black-only settlements that were located in the former homeland Bophuthatswana. Cartography: Harmen de Weerd, 2021.
- Figure 9.2 The Ou Raadsaal (Old Parliament Building) of the South African Republic at Church Square, Pretoria. Source: David Koren, 2011.
- Figure 9.3 The Voortrekker Monument was built to commemorate the centennial of the eastward migration of the Afrikaner people to the inland of Africa. Source: David Koren, 2013.
- Figure 9.4 Decorations on the Ministry of Native Affairs, based on racial stereotypes that were prevalent during the era of Apartheid. Source: David Koren, 2013.
- Figure 9.5 Model of a typical Apartheid city, based on Christopher (1994). Cartography: Harmen de Weerd, 2021.
- Figure 9.6 Mamelodi: Big lighting poles to illuminate the whole area in case of unrest or protests Source: David Koren, 2013.
- Figure 9.7 Pretoria and the homeland to which it was most closely connected, Bophuthatswana. Cartography: Harmen de Weerd, 2021.
- Figure 9.8 Mapoch/Klipgat, an ethnic model village designed for the Ndebele minority in Bophuthatswana. Source: David Koren, 2013.
- Figure 9.9 The gallows in Pretoria Prison. Source: Internet. Opening of the gallows museum in Pretoria Prison by President Jacob Zuma. Source: Government of South Africa, 2011.
- Figure 9.10 Interior of the Wachthuis building, head office of the South African Police. Source: David Koren.
- Figure 9.11 A cartoon by Zapiro referring to the crimes committed at Vlakplaas under the authority of Eugene de Kock. Cartoon by Zapiro, Sowetan © 1997. Republished with permission.
- Figure 9.12 A German shepherd keeps watch at one of the locations that Dr. Wouter Basson used for Project Coast, a top-secret biological warfare programme sponsored by the Apartheid state. Source: Per-Anders Pettersson/Getty Images, 2001.
- Figure 9.13 Most colonial and Apartheid street names have changed by now, with a transitional phase in which both the old and the new names were displaced. Source: David Koren, 2013.
- Figure 10.1 Location of the archaeological sites of Baecula, Iliturgi, Cástulo, and Puente Tablas, in the upper Guadalquivir Valley, Jaén province, Spain.
- Figure 10.2 Changes in the settlement pattern in the territory of Baecula. On the left, the territory before the Roman conquest, with several political centres (oppida) and no other settlements in their respective territories. On the right, the territory
- Figure 10.3 Upper left: Recreation of the Iberian oppidum of Iliturgi, early 3rd century BC. Upper right: Recreation of the Roman city of Iliturgi, 1st century AD. Visualisation by Francisco Arias. Lower : Reinterpretation of the Roman siege/attack on the
- Figure 10.4 Forced transfer of the population of Baecula after the Roman conquest. Illustration: Iñaki Diéguez.
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