National DNA databanks were initially established to catalogue the identities of violent criminals and sex offenders. However, since the mid-1990s, forensic DNA databanks have in some cases expanded to include people merely arrested, regardless of whether they've been charged or convicted of a crime. The public is largely unaware of these changes and the advances that biotechnology and forensic DNA science have made possible. Yet many citizens are beginning to realize that the unfettered collection of DNA profiles might compromise our basic freedoms and rights.
Two leading authors on medical ethics, science policy, and civil liberties take a hard look at how the United States has balanced the use of DNA technology, particularly the use of DNA databanks in criminal justice, with the privacy rights of its citizenry. Krimsky and Simoncelli analyze the constitutional, ethical, and sociopolitical implications of expanded DNA collection in the United States and compare these findings to trends in the United Kingdom, Japan, Australia, Germany, and Italy. They explore many controversial topics, including the legal precedent for taking DNA from juveniles, the search for possible family members of suspects in DNA databases, the launch of "DNA dragnets" among local populations, and the warrantless acquisition by police of so-called abandoned DNA in the search for suspects. Most intriguing, Krimsky and Simoncelli explode the myth that DNA profiling is infallible, which has profound implications for criminal justice.
- Contents
- Foreword
- Acknowledgments
- Introduction
- Part I: DNA in Law Enforcement: History,Applications, and Expansion
- Chapter 1. Forensic DNA Analysis
- Chapter 2: The Network of U.S. DNA Data Banks
- Chapter 3. Community DNA Dragnets
- Chapter 4. Familial DNA Searches
- Chapter 5. Forensic DNA Phenotyping
- Chapter 6. Surreptitious Biological Sampling
- Chapter 7. Exonerations: When the DNA Doesn’t Match
- Chapter 8: The Illusory Appeal of a Universal DNA Data Bank
- Part II: Comparative Systems: Forensic DNA in Five Nations
- Chapter 9. The United Kingdom: Paving the Way in Forensic DNA
- Chapter 10. Japan’s Forensic DNA Data Bank: A Call for Reform
- Chapter 11. Australia: A Quest for Uniformity in DNA Data Banking
- Chapter 12. Germany: From Eugenics to Forensics
- Chapter 13. Italy: A Data Bank in Search of a Law
- Part III: Critical Perspectives: Balancing Personal Liberty, Social Equity,and Security
- Chapter 14. Privacy and Genetic Surveillance
- Chapter 15. Racial Disparities in DNA Data Banking
- Chapter 16. Fallibility in DNA Identification
- Chapter 17. The Efficacy of DNA Data Banks: A Case of Diminishing Returns
- Chapter 18. Toward a Vision of Justice: Principles for Responsible Uses of DNA in Law Enforcement
- Appendix: A comparison of dna databases in six nations
- Notes
- Selected Readings
- Index
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