Descriptions of Indian peoples of the Northeast date to the Norse sagas, centuries before permanent European settlement, and the region has been the setting for a long history of contact, conflict, and accommodation between natives and newcomers. The focus of an extraordinarily vital field of scholarship, the Northeast is important both historically and theoretically: patterns of Indian-white relations that developed there would be replicated time and again over the course of American history. Today the Northeast remains the locus of cultural negotiation and controversy, with such subjects as federal recognition, gaming, land claims, and repatriation programs giving rise to debates directly informed by archeological and historical research of the region.
The Columbia Guide to American Indians of the Northeast is a concise and authoritative reference resource to the history and culture of the varied indigenous peoples of the region. Encompassing the very latest scholarship, this multifaceted volume is divided into four parts. Part I presents an overview of the cultures and histories of Northeastern Indian people and surveys the key scholarly questions and debates that shape this field. Part II serves as an encyclopedia, alphabetically listing important individuals and places of significant cultural or historic meaning. Part III is a chronology of the major events in the history of American Indians in the Northeast. The expertly selected resources in Part IV include annotated lists of tribes, bibliographies, museums and sites, published sources, Internet sites, and films that can be easily accessed by those wishing to learn more.
- Contents
- Acknowledgments
- Introduction
- PART I The Northeast: An Overview
- 1 Overview of the Northeast Culture Area
- The Region Defined
- Northeastern Peoples Before Columbus
- Peoples and Cultures of the Northeast: An Overview
- 2 The Northeast During the Period of European Exploration and Colonization
- Initial Contact, Exploration, and Trade
- 3 The Expanding Frontier
- 4 The Northeast: 1850 to the Present
- Guardians, Overseers, and Indian Agents
- Labor Specializations in the Northeast
- Consolidation of the Upper Great Lakes Cultural Pattern
- Enfranchisement and Termination
- Boarding Schools
- Pan-Indianism
- Urban Indians
- Political Activism and Radical Politics, 1950 to the Present
- Land Claims and Federal Recognition
- Gaming
- Language and Cultural Revival
- Conclusions: The Northeast Culture Area Today
- References for Part I
- PART II People, Places, and Events in Northeast Native History
- PART III Historical TImeline for the Northeast
- PART IV Resource Guide to Research and Theory
- Introduction
- 1. Indian Tribes
- 2. Primary Sources and the Northeast
- Archaeology, the Adoption of Agriculture, and the Rise of Complex Chiefdoms and Social Inequality in the Northeast
- Physical Anthropology
- First Impressions: Early Contact Period Documents
- Captivity Narratives
- Ethnography
- Language, Language Contact, and Early Linguistic Studies
- Descriptions of Native Languages
- Pidgins, Jargons, and Creoles
- Language Loss
- 3. Current Issues in Northeast Research
- Early Encounters: The Impact of Colonization
- 4. Spirituality and Worldview
- Traditional Spirituality
- Changing Native American Religions
- 5. Politics and Economy
- Economy and Subsistence, Then and Now
- Warfare, Diplomacy, and Frontier Studies
- Iroquois Politics, the League, and the Origins of the Constitution
- The Middle Ground
- 6. Women in Native America
- 7. Ecological Indians?
- 8. Racial Politics
- 9. Land Claims, Resistance, Sovereignty, and Federal Recognition
- 11. Native American Graves Protection Act (NAGPRA)
- 12. Postmodern Critique and Cultural Studies
- 13. Cultural Renaissance
- Language Revitalization
- The Arts
- 14. Telling Their Own Story
- Biographies and Autobiographies
- 15. General Works
- Encyclopedias, Compendia, Dictionaries
- 16. Film
- 17. Museums and the Northeast
- 18. Electronic Resources
- Conclusion
- Index
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