This collection of essays offers a comparative perspective on religious materiality across the early modern world. Setting out from the premise that artefacts can provide material evidence of the nature of early modern religious practices and beliefs, the volume tests and challenges conventional narratives of change based on textual sources. Religious Materiality in the Early Modern World brings together scholars of Catholic, Protestant, Jewish, Islamic and Buddhist practices from a range of fields, including history, art history, museum curatorship and social anthropology. The result is an unprecedented account of the wealth and diversity of devotional objects and environments, with a strong emphasis on cultural encounters, connections and exchanges.
- Cover
- Table of Contents
- Abbreviations
- Acknowledgements
- Introduction
- Suzanna Ivanič, Mary Laven and Andrew Morrall
- Part I Meanings
- 1. Wax versus Wood: The Material of Votive Offerings in Renaissance Italy
- 2. The Substance of Divine Grace: Ex-votos and the Material of Paper in Early Modern Italy
- 3. Powerful Objects in Powerful Places: Pilgrimage, Relics and Sacred Texts in Tibetan Buddhism
- 4. Myer Myers: Silversmith in the Spanish-Portuguese Synagogue Ledger
- Part II Practices
- 5. Christian Materiality between East and West: Notes of a Capuchin among the Christians of the Ottoman Empire
- 6. The Materiality of Death in Early Modern Venice
- 7. Living with the Virgin in the Colonial Andes: Images and Personal Devotion
- 8. ‘Watching myself in the mirror, I saw ʿAlī in my eyes’: On Sufi Visual and Material Practice in the Balkans
- Part III Transformations
- 9. Religious Materiality in the Kunstkammer of Rudolf II
- 10. The Reformation of the Rosary Bead: Protestantism and the Perpetuation of the Amber Paternoster
- 11. Magical Words: Arabic Amulets in Christian Spain
- 12. Mesoamerican Idols, Spanish Medicine: Jade in the Collection of Philip II
- Epilogue
- Index
- List of Illustrations
- Figures
- Fig. I.1 Spice-box. Gilt copper, fifteenth century, northern Italy, Victoria and Albert Museum (M.40&:1-1951) © Victoria and Albert Museum
- Fig. 1.1 Wax votive offerings. St. Lazarus church in Salvador, Brazil © Photo: Alamy
- Fig. 2.1 Votive hand showing a possible individual moulding technique © Soprintendenza Archeologia, Belle Arti e Paesaggio per le province di Siena, Grosseto e Arezzo
- Fig. 2.2 Naturalistic portrait mask with coarsely painted details © SoprintendenzaArcheologia, Belle Arti e Paesaggio per le province di Siena, Grosseto e Arezzo
- Fig. 2.3 Ex-voto displaying plague ulcers © Soprintendenza Archeologia, Belle Arti e Paesaggio per le province di Siena, Grosseto e Arezzo
- Fig. 2.4 Ex-voto symbolizing cancer © Soprintendenza Archeologia, Belle Arti e Paesaggio per le province di Siena, Grosseto e Arezzo
- Fig. 3.1a Procession with books to bless fields at Shekar in 1993 © Photo: Hildegard Diemberger
- Fig. 3.1b Current reincarnation of Chokyi Dronma blessing faithful with a book © Photo: Hildegard Diemberger
- Fig. 3.1c Tibetan book being wrapped in its robe © Photo: Hildegard Diemberger
- Fig. 3.2 Monk blessing faithful with clay statue of Bodong Chogle Namgyal © Photo: Hildegard Diemberger
- Fig. 3.3 The venerable Thubten Namgyal with shoe of Bodong Chogle Namgyal © Photo: Hildegard Diemberger
- Fig. 3.4 Trakar Taso monastery © Photo: Hildegard Diemberger
- Fig. 4.1 Payment to Myer Myers for a pair of ‘bells’ (finials). From the Holy Sedakah or Ledger of Shearith Israel, New York (5525 [=1765]) © Photo: Vivian B. Mann
- Fig. 4.2 Detail of bases, Myer Myers, Pair of Torah Finials. Stamped silver, 1766–76. From the Touro Synagogue, Newport, R.I. Collection of Congregation Shearith Israel, N.Y., on loan to the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston © Photo: Vivian B. Mann
- Fig. 6.1 Detail, tomb of doge Alvise II Mocenigo. Marble, eighteenth century, church of San Stae, Venice © Photo: Alexandra Bamji
- Fig. 6.2 Heart burial of doge Francesco Erizzo. Marble, seventeenth century, Basilica of San Marco, Venice © Photo: Alexandra Bamji
- Fig 7.1 Frontispiece. Fernando de Valverde, Santuario de Nuestra Señora de Copacabana del Perú: poema sacro (Lima: Luis de Lyra, 1641) © Courtesy of the John Carter Brown Library
- Fig. 8.1 Semāʿhāne at the Hajji Sinan Tekke (Hadži Sinanova Tekija), Qādirī ṭarīqa. Vrbanjusa district, Sarajevo, Bosnia © Photo: Sara Kuehn, 2011
- Fig. 8.2 Türbe at Hayati Baba Tekke (Sheh Hayati Tećija), Khalwatī ṭarīqa. Kičevo, Macedonia © Photo: Sara Kuehn, 2011
- Fig. 8.3 Deer antlers at the türbe of the tekke of the Rifāʿīyya (Teqja e Rufaive, Baniyi Dergāh). Skopje, Macedonia © Photo: Sara Kuehn, 2012
- Fig. 8.4 Red ḥaydarīyā in the semāʿhāne at the Hadži Sinanova Tekke, Qādirī ṭarīqa. Vrbanjusa district, Sarajevo, Bosnia © Photo: Sara Kuehn, 2011
- Fig. 8.5 Special ritual paraphernalia (darḅ al-ṣilāḥ) preserved in the miḥrāb niche in the semāʿhāne, tekke of the Rifāʿīyya (Teqja e Rufaive). Prizren, Kosovo © Photo: Sara Kuehn, 2012
- Fig. 8.6a, b Darḅ al-ṣilāḥ during the ʿĀshūrāʾ dhikr at the semāʿhāne of a Rifāʿī tekke. Rahovec, Kosovo © Photos: Sara Kuehn, 2013
- Fig. 8.7a, b, c, d Darḅ al-ṣilāḥ during the ʿĀshūrāʾ dhikr at the semāʿhāne of a tekke of the Rifāʿīyya. Rahovec, Kosovo © Photos: Sara Kuehn, 2013
- Fig. 8.8 Sheh Ahmed Shkodër, the most important Rifāʿī shaykh in Albania in the twentieth century. Tekke of the Rifāʿīyya (Teqeja e Rufaiye). Berat, Albania © Photo: Sara Kuehn, 2011
- Fig. 8.9 ʿĀshūrāʾ dhikr at the semāʿhāne of a tekke of the Rifāʿīyya. Rahovec, Kosovo © Photo: Sara Kuehn, 2013
- Fig. 9.1 Liturgical cup. Coconut shell (14.8 cm dia.), rhinoceros horn, bezoar stone and silver gilt, c.1600, Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien, Vienna (Kunstkammer, inv. no. KK 913) © Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien
- Fig. 10.1 Amber beads with heart-shaped pendant. Amber, silk, ribbon replaced (length 34 cm), c.1600, north-east Germany (Grünes Gewölbe, Dresden, III.88.ll.1) © Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden/Jürgen Karpinski
- Fig. 10.2 Amber beads with pomander pendant. Amber, silk, ribbon replaced (length 39.8 cm), c.1600, north-east Germany (Grünes Gewölbe, Dresden, III.88.ll.2) © bpk/Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden/Jürgen Karpinski
- Fig. 11.1 Libro de dichos maravillosos, fols. 361v–362r, fifteenth to sixteenth century, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científica, Biblioteca Tomás Navarro Tomás, Madrid (Fondo Antiguo TN RESC/22) © Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científica (Centro de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales), Biblioteca Tomás Navarro Tomás
- Fig. 11.2 Amulet case with two loops for hanging. Moulded lead, thirteenth century or later, Tonegawa Collection, Madrid; Sebastián Gaspariño, ‘Amuletos de al-Andalus’, 2010 (TP1-1) © Tonegawa Collection
- Fig. 11.3 Fragment of paper amulet. Block-printed on cotton-based paper, thirteenth century or later, Tonegawa Collection, Madrid; Sebastián Gaspariño, ‘Amuletos de al-Andalus’, 2010 (TP1-1) © Tonegawa Collection
- Fig. 12.1 Standing figure, Mezcala. Stone (height 20 cm), first to eighth century,Mexico, Metropolitan Museum of Art (1995.201) © MetropolitanMuseum of Art
- Plates
- Plate 1.1 Anonymous, Apothecary’s Shop. Fresco, c.1500, Castello di Issogne, Val d’Aosta, Italy © Photo: Bridgeman Images
- Plate 1.2 Ex-voto, Man Fallen from Tree. Tempera on panel (22 × 25.3 cm), sixteenth century, Lonigo, Madonna dei Miracoli, Italy © Museo degli Ex Voto
- Plate 1.3 Ex-voto, Piergiovanni da Caldarola and his wife thank St. Nicholas for the healing of their son. Tempera on panel (22.6 × 26.4 cm), sixteenth century, Tolentino, Italy © Museo di San Nicola
- Plate 2.1 Five thousand paper artefacts hanging on the internal walls of the Romituzzo sanctuary, Poggibonsi, Siena, Italy © Photo: Maria Alessandra Chessa
- Plate 2.2 Three-dimensional anatomical paper ex-votos. Cartone technique, Romituzzo sanctuary, Poggibonsi, Siena, Italy © Photo: Maria Alessandra Chessa
- Plate 3.1 Chokyi Dronma’s biography © Photo: Hildegard Diemberger
- Plate 3.2 Printing blocks and rescued books treated as sacred objects in Trakar Taso © Photo: Hildegard Diemberger
- Plate 4.1 Myer Myers, Pair of Torah Finials. Silver and brass with parcel gilding (height 36.8 cm), 1766–76. From the Touro Synagogue, Newport, R.I. Collection of Congregation Shearith Israel, N.Y. Photograph © 2019 Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
- Plate 4.2 Detail, Myer Myers, Pair of Torah Finials. Chased and pierced silver gilt, brass, 1766–76. From the Touro Synagogue, Newport, R.I. Collection of Congregation Shearith Israel, N.Y. © Photo: Vivian B. Mann
- Plate 6.1 Pietro della Vecchia, San Francesco Borgia Duca di Candia at the sight of the body of the empress, wife of Charles V. Oil on canvas, c.1670, Musée des beaux-arts de Brest métropole © Musée des beaux-arts de Brest métropole
- Plate 6.2 Death mask of Francesco Antonio Correr. Wax, cloth and hair, 1741, Museo Correr, Venice © Photo archive, Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia
- Plate 7.1 Anonymous, Cuzco school, Conversion of an Indian Nobleman by Inspiration of the Virgin of Copacabana, c.1700–30 © Photo: Daniel Giannoni, courtesy of Museo de Arte de Lima, Lima, Peru
- Plate 7.2 Anonymous, Virgin of Copacabana. Portable altar, gesso, maguey and silver, cast and repoussé, with burnished punch work, c.1650–1700 © Photo: Daniel Giannoni, courtesy of Museo de Arte de Lima, Lima, Peru
- Plate 8.1 Images from ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib’s life. Coloured print, Naqshbandī tekke, Živčići/Vukeljići near Fojnica, central Bosnia © Photo: Sara Kuehn
- Plate 8.2 Tekke of the Rifāʿīyya (Teqja e Rufaive). Prizren, Kosovo © Photo: Sara Kuehn
- Plate 9.1 Ottavio Miseroni, Penitent Mary Magdalene. Agate statue (height 16.4 cm, base 10.1 × 9.3 cm), c.1590–1600, Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien, Vienna (Kunstkammer, inv. no. KK 1723). © Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien
- Plate 10.1 Two naked fishermen retrieve amber from the sea watched by women. Illustration from Johannes Pomarius, Der köstliche Bernstein (1587) © Sächsische Landesbibliothek–Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden
- Plate 10.2 Three pastors. Illustration from Johannes Pomarius, Der köstliche Bernstein (1587) © Sächsische Landesbibliothek–Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden
- Plate 10.3 Two members of religious orders with black hearts and two Lutherans with hearts gleaming bright and true. Illustration from Johannes Pomarius, Der köstliche Bernstein (1587). © Sächsische Landesbibliothek–Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden
- Plate 10.4 Three strings of beads. Yellow amber, white amber, black amber. Illustration from Johannes Pomarius, Der köstliche Bernstein (1587) © Sächsische Landesbibliothek–Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden
- Plate 11.1 Paper amulet (7.2 × 5.5 cm) and lead case (2.7 × 1.3 cm), eleventh century (attributed to Fatimid Egypt), Aga Khan Museum, Toronto (AKM 508) © Aga Khan Museum
- Plate 11.2 Lead amulet, folded and inscribed (5.95 × 4.911 cm, 18.78 g), private collection; Sebastián Gaspariño, ‘Amuletos de al-Andalus’, 2010 (S78) © Private collection
- Plate 12.1 Head effigy with glyphs, Maya. Greenstone (8 × 5.8 × 5.2 cm), c.675–725, probably made in Piedras Negras, Guatemala, found at Sacred Cenote, Chichen Itza, Yucatán, Mexico. Gift of C.P. Bowditch, 1910. © President and Fellows of Harvard College, Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, PM# 10-70-20/C6100
- Plate 12.2 Mask, Olmec. Jadeite (17.1 × 16.5 cm), 900–400 BCE, Mexico, Metropolitan Museum of Art (1977.187.33) © Metropolitan Museum of Art
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