While Turkey in recent years has experienced an exhaustive accession process to join the EU -a long desired aim-, at the same time it has been increasing its involvement across the Middle East, leading to a debate over whether it is altering its focus from West to East. This book reveals that a shift in focus can be seen through analysis of the Turkish political elites' definitions of "self" and "other" that were established as part of the EU accession process. Melek Saral uses these definitions to help us better understand the shift that Turkey is currently undergoing.
- Cover
- Table of Contents
- Acknowledgements
- Abbreviations
- 1. Socialization or Estrangement within the Framework of Turkey-EU Relations
- 1.1 International Institutions and Identity Change
- 1.2 Understanding Turkey’s Socialization
- 1.3 Discourse and Discourse Analysis
- 1.4 Case Selection: Three Different Time Periods in Turkey-EU Relations
- 1.5 Data Selection
- 1.6 Outline of the Book
- 2. The Concept of Socialization and Identity Change
- 2.1 The Concept of Socialization
- 2.2 The Socialization Process and Social Identity
- 2.3 Social Identity and National Identity
- 2.4 The Content of National Identity
- 2.5 Turkey’s National Identity
- 3. New Phase in Turkey-EU Relations
- Opening the Door to Europeanness
- 3.1 The EU’s Reluctant Interactions with Turkey
- 3.2 The Customs Union: The Opening or Closing of the Door to Europe?
- 3.3 The Luxembourg Summit: A Great Shock for Turkey
- 3.4 Silent Years until Helsinki
- 3.5 Conclusion
- 4. The Helsinki Summit
- The Recognition of (Muslim) Turkey’s Europeanness
- 4.1 The Helsinki Summit: A Breath of Fresh Air for Turkey-EU Relations, the Cyprus issue, and the Kurdish Issue
- 4.2 The Elections, the New Turkey, and the New EU Approach
- 4.3 The Atmosphere before the Copenhagen Summit
- 4.4 The Copenhagen Summit 2002: New Hope for Turkey
- 4.5 Debates on the Identity and Europeanness of Turkey
- 4.6 Conclusion
- 5. Start of Negotiations, End of Negotiations
- 5.1 Interactions with the EU and the Identity Issue
- 5.2 Slowdown of Turkey-EU Relations
- 5.3 The EU as a Threat to Turkey’s Territorial Integrity
- 5.4 Is Turkey Finding a New Direction?
- 5.5 Conclusion
- 6. New Area, New Identity, New Roles
- Turkey – European or Middle Eastern?
- 7. Results and Implications
- 7.1 Turkey-EU Relations and Turkey’s Socialization
- 7.2 Overview of the Case Studies
- Bibliography
- Index
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