The U.S. academic research enterprise is entering a new era characterized by remarkable opportunities and increased strain. This two-part volume integrates the experiential knowledge of group members with quantitative data analyses in order to examine the status of scientific and technological research in academic settings. Part One reviews the status of the current research enterprise, emerging trends affecting it, and issues central to its future. Part Two is an overview of the enterprise and describes long-term trends in financial and human resources. This new book will be useful in stimulating policy discussions—especially among individuals and organizations that fund or perform academic research.
- Cover
- Front Matter
- PART ONE: STATUS, TRENDS, AND ISSUES
- Introduction
- Status of the Enterprise
- 1958 TO 1968: EXPANSION
- 1968 TO 1978: STEADY-STATE
- 1978 TO 1988: DIVERSIFICATION
- FORCES FOR EXPANSION AND DIVERSIFICATION
- THE RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT
- RESEARCH PERSONNEL
- FINANCIAL RESOURCES.
- ROLE OF UNIVERSITIES
- ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF UNIVERSITIES
- CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND TRANSFER OF KNOWLEDGE
- SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL EDUCATION
- FUNDING ACADEMIC RESEARCH
- Conclusion
- Notes
- PART TWO: OVERVIEW OF THE ACADEMIC RESEARCH ENTERPRISE
- Introduction
- Summary of Major Trends
- NATIONAL R&D: CHARACTER
- ACADEMIC R&D SHARE OF TOTAL U.S. R&D
- ACADEMIC R&D: SHARE OF U.S. GNP
- DOCTORAL INSTITUTION GROWTH PATTERNS: R&D EXPENDITURES
- DOCTORAL INSTITUTION GROWTH PATTERNS: REVENUES AND EXPENDITURES.
- DOCTORAL INSTITUTION GROWTH PATTERNS: PERSONNEL
- DOCTORAL INSTITUTION GROWTH PATTERNS: ENROLLMENTS
- DOCTORAL INSTITUTION GROWTH PATTERNS: S&E DEGREES
- DOCTORAL INSTITUTION GROWTH PATTERNS: PER-PERSON EXPENDITURES
- National R&D Expenditures
- NATIONAL R&D: PERFORMERS
- NATIONAL R&D: SOURCES OF FUNDING
- NATIONAL RESEARCH: PERFORMERS
- NATIONAL RESEARCH: SOURCES OF FUNDING
- NATIONAL BASIC RESEARCH: PERFORMERS
- NATIONAL BASIC RESEARCH: SOURCES OF FUNDING
- Academic R&D Expenditures
- ACADEMIC R&D: CHARACTER OF RESEARCH
- ACADEMIC R&D: SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING FIELDS
- ACADEMIC R&D: SOURCE OF FUNDING
- ACADEMIC R&D: TYPE OF INSTITUTIONS
- SOURCES OF R&D FUNDING: PRIVATE DOCTORAL INSTITUTIONS
- SOURCES OF R&D FUNDING: PUBLIC DOCTORAL INSTITUTIONS
- ACADEMIC S&E FACILITIES: RESEARCH AND INSTRUCTION
- ACADEMIC S&E FACILITIES: SOURCE OF FUNDING
- ACADEMIC RESEARCH EQUIPMENT: SOURCE OF FUNDS
- ACADEMIC R&D EXPENDITURES PER INVESTIGATOR: EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES
- TOTAL ACADEMIC R&D: ESTIMATED COST COMPONENTS
- TOTAL ACADEMIC R&D: ESTIMATED EXPENDITURES PER INVESTIGATOR
- PERSONNEL EXPENDITURES: NATURAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING
- Total Academic Expenditures And Revenues
- TOTAL ACADEMIC OPERATING EXPENDITURES: PURPOSE
- TOTAL ACADEMIC OPERATING REVENUES: SOURCES
- DOCTORAL INSTITUTION OPERATING EXPENDITURES: PURPOSE
- DOCTORAL INSTITUTION EXPENDITURES: PER FACULTY AND STUDENT
- DOCTORAL INSTITUTION OPERATING REVENUES: SOURCES
- DOCTORAL INSTITUTION OPERATING REVENUES: BY GOVERNANCE
- OPERATING REVENUES: PRIVATE DOCTORAL INSTITUTIONS
- OPERATING REVENUES: PUBLIC DOCTORAL INSTITUTIONS
- Academic Personnel
- TOTAL ACADEMIC FACULTY
- ACADEMIC SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS
- DOCTORAL INSTITUTION FACULTY
- DOCTORAL INSTITUTION FACULTY: PER STUDENT AND DEGREE
- DOCTORAL INSTITUTION SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS
- DOCTORAL INSTITUTION RESEARCH PERSONNEL
- DOCTORAL INSTITUTION S&E PERSONNEL RATIOS
- Higher Education Enrollments
- HIGHER EDUCATION ENROLLMENTS: BY INSTITUTION TYPE
- DOCTORAL INSTITUTION ENROLLMENTS: UNDERGRADUATE AND GRADUATE
- DOCTORAL INSTITUTION AVERAGE ENROLLMENTS
- HIGHER EDUCATION ENROLLMENTS: PERCENT FEMALE
- Science and Engineering Degrees
- TOTAL S&E DEGREES: TYPE OF DEGREE
- TOTAL BACHELORS DEGREES: S&E AND OTHER FIELDS
- S&E BACHELORS DEGREES: ACADEMIC FIELD
- S&E BACHELORS DEGREES: GENDER
- TOTAL PH.D. DEGREES: S&E AND OTHER FIELDS
- S&E PH.D. DEGREES: ACADEMIC FIELD
- S&E PH.D. DEGREES: INSTITUTION GOVERNANCE
- S&E PH.D. DEGREES: GENDER
- PH.D. DEGREES BY ETHNICITY: NATURAL SCIENCES
- PH.D. DEGREES BY ETHNICITY: ENGINEERING
- PH.D. DEGREES BY CITIZENSHIP: NATURAL SCIENCES
- PH.D. DEGREES BY CITIZENSHIP: ENGINEERING
- Primary Data Sources
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