Stretching back to antiquity, motion had been a key means of designing and describing the physical environment. But during the sixteenth through eighteenth centuries, individuals across Europe increasingly designed, experienced, and described a new world of motion: one characterized by continuous, rather than segmented, movement. New spaces that included vistas along house interiors and uninterrupted library reading rooms offered open expanses for shaping sequences of social behaviour, scientists observed how the Earth rotated around the sun, and philosophers attributed emotions to neural vibrations in the human brain. Early Modern Spaces in Motion examines this increased emphasis on motion with eight essays encompassing a geographical span of Portugal to German-speaking lands and a disciplinary range from architectural history to English. It consequently merges longstanding strands of analysis considering people in motion and buildings in motion to explore the cultural historical attitudes underpinning the varied impacts of motion in early modern Europe.
- Cover
- Table of Contents
- Acknowledgements
- Introduction: Bodies and Buildings in Motion
- 1. Navigating the Palace Underworld: Recreational Space, Pleasure, and Release at the Castello del Buonconsiglio, Trent
- 2. Passages to Fantasy: The Performance of Motion in Cellini’s Fontainebleau Portal and the Galerie François I
- 3. The Catholic Country House in Early Modern England: Motion, Piety and Hospitality, c.1580–1640
- 4. Sensory Vibrations and Social Reform at San Michele a Ripa in Rome
- 5. The Rise of the Staircase: Motion in Eighteenth-Century Dutch Domestic Architecture
- 6. Movement through Ruins: Re-experiencing Ancient Baalbek with Jean de la Roque
- 7. A Paper Tour of the Metropolis: The Architecture of Early Modern London in the Royal Magazine
- 8. Libraries in Motion: Forms of Movement in the Early Modern Library (1450-1770)
- Works Cited
- Index
- List of Illustrations
- 1. Sebastiano Serlio, Palace façades and plans, from Tutte l’opere d’architettura, et prospetiva, 1584. Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University.
- 2. Paul Decker, Garden wall of large entertaining room in princely palace, from Fürstlicher Baumeister, oder, Architectura civilis, 1711. Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University.
- 3. Giovanni Battista Falda, Piazza del Popolo, from Il nuovo teatro delle fabriche, et edificii, in prospettiva di Roma moderna, sotto il felice pontificato di N. S. Papa Alessandro VII, vol. 1, 1665. The Huntington Library, San Marino, California, RB 433
- 4. Loggia publicha with frescoes by Girolamo Romanino, 1531-1532, Magno Palazzo, Castello del Buonconsiglio, Trent, Italy. © Castello del Buonconsiglio, Trent, Italy.
- 5. Andito alla scala with frescoes by Girolamo Romanino, 1531-1532, Magno Palazzo, Castello del Buonconsiglio, Trent, Italy. © Castello del Buonconsiglio, Trent, Italy.
- 6. Girolamo Romanino, Buffoon Playing with a Monkey, 1531-1532, Scala del giardino, Magno Palazzo, Castello del Buonconsiglio, Trent, Italy. © Castello del Buonconsiglio, Trent, Italy.
- 7. Girolamo Romanino, Sleeping Nymph and Satyr, 1532, Scala del giardino, Magno Palazzo, Castello del Buonconsiglio, Trent, Italy. © Castello del Buonconsiglio, Trent, Italy.
- 8. View of the Revolto soto la loza facing the Scala del giardino with Girolamo Romanino’s Portrait of Paolo Alemanno above the Porta rusticha and The Hunt with Falcons, 1532, Magno Palazzo, Castello del Buonconsiglio, Trent, Italy. © Castello del Buoncon
- 9. Refettorio davanti alla cantina with frescoes by Marcello Fogolino, c. 1532, Magno Palazzo, Castello del Buonconsiglio, Trent, Italy. © Castello del Buonconsiglio, Trent, Italy.
- 10. Benvenuto Cellini, Nymph of Fontainebleau, 1543. Musée du Louvre, Paris, France. © RMN-Grand Palais/Art Resource, NY.
- 11. After Primaticcio (unknown artist), Francis I and the Nymph of Fontainebleau, c. 1540. Musée du Louvre, Paris, France. © RMN-Grand Palais/Art Resource, NY.
- 12. Gilles Le Breton, Porte Dorée entrance wing, Château de Fontainebleau, France, 1528. © RMN-Grand Palais/Art Resource, NY.
- 13. Rosso Fiorentino, Miniature fresco of the exterior of the Porte Dorée and Galerie François Ier, Château de Fontainebleau, France, 1530s. © Manuel Cohen/Art Resource, NY.
- 14. Godefroy le Batave and Jean Clouet, Francis I on a Stag Hunt, from François Demoulins de Rochefort, Commentaires de la guerre gallique, 1519. Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris, France (Ms. fr. 13429, vol. 2).
- 15. Rosso Fiorentino, Ignorance Defeated, Galerie François Ier, Château de Fontainebleau, France, 1530s. © RMN-Grand Palais/Art Resource, NY.
- 16. Giovanni Battista Cavalieri, ‘Apprehensiones catholicorum’ (depiction of arrests of priests and lay Catholics), from Richard Verstegan, Descriptiones quaedam illius inhumanae et multiplicis persecutionis, 1584. Reproduced by kind permission of Palace
- 17. Giovanni Battista Cavalieri, ‘Nocturnae per domos inquisitiones’ (depiction of night house raids), from Richard Verstegan, Descriptiones quaedam illius inhumanae et multiplicis persecutionis, 1584. Reproduced by kind permission of Palace Green Library
- 18. Carlo Fontana, Design for Clement XI’s 1704 annual medal, showing the interior of the Casa di Correzione, c. 1704. Royal Collection Trust / © Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2020.
- 19. Tor di Nona, Rome, Italy, first-floor plan. © 2020 Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana (Vat. Lat 11258, Parte A, f. 130r). By permission of Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, with all rights reserved. The Sala Regia is the central room with the two columns, a
- 20. Antonio del Grande, Carceri Nuove, Rome, Italy, c. 1652-1656. Reproduced by kind permission of Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Rome. The room for boy prisoners is at the back right corner of the front block, and the chapel is the adjacent room to the
- 21. Disputa generale, in Agostino Cabrini, Ordini con li quali devono essere regolate le Scole della Santissima Dottrina Christiana, 1686. Courtesy Biblioteca Casanatense MIBAC Rome (VOL MISC.2169.1).
- 22. Carlo Fontana, Casa di Correzione, Ospizio di S. Michele a Ripa, Rome, Italy, 1701-1704. This view looks towards the altar end of the Casa di Correzione; the altar has since been removed. Photo: Author. Reproduced by kind permission of Istituto Superi
- 23. Carlo Fontana, Staircase door, Casa di Correzione, Ospizio di S. Michele a Ripa, Rome, Italy, 1701-1704. Photo: Author. Reproduced by kind permission of Istituto Superiore per la Conservazione ed il Restauro, Rome.
- 24. Daniel Marot, ‘Escallier du comte d’Albemarle a Voorst’ (Trompe-l’oeil decoration for the staircase of the Duke of Albemarle at House De Voorst), from Nouveaux Liure de Pintures de Salles et d’Escalliers, 1712. Rijksmuseum Amsterdam.
- 25. Daniel Marot, Designs for three Amsterdam houses, from Nouveau Livre de bâtiments de differentes pensées, before 1712. Delft University of Technology.
- 26. Tieleman van der Horst and Jan Schenk, Elevation of stairs (Plate 14), from Theatrum machinarum universale, of nieuwe algemeene bouwkunde, waar in op een naauwkeurige klaare, en wiskunstige wyze werd voorgestelt en geleerdt, het maaken van veelerley s
- 27. Section of Amsterdam canal house with a double back-aisle, mid-eighteenth century. Amsterdam City Archives.
- 28. Staircase, Herengracht 475, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1736. Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed.
- 29. Section of a hallway that opens to the staircase, presumably for Keizersgracht 224 (House Saxenburg), Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1750s. Amsterdam City Archives.
- 30. ‘La coupe du Temple de Balbec avec le plan (The Section of the Temple of Baalbek With the Plan)’, from Bernard de Montfaucon, L’antiquité expliquée, 1719 (vol. 1, pt. 1, Plate 31). Heidelberg University Library, Digital Library.
- 31. ‘Elévation en perspective du côté du Temple de Balbec (Elevation in Perspective of the Side of the Temple of Baalbek)’, from Jean Marot, Le Grand Marot, 1686. Universiteitsbibliotheek Utrecht.
- 32. ‘Elévation en perspective d’un côté du Temple de Balbek (Elevation in Perspective of an Exterior Side of the Temple of Balbek)’, from Jean de la Roque, Voyages de Syrie et du Mont-Liban, 1722. Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttin
- 33. ‘A Perspective View of the New Church in the Strand’, from The Royal Magazine 7 (1762). Bodleian Libraries, Oxford. The Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library, University of Toronto.
- 34. James Hulett, ‘Monument’, from The Royal Magazine 4 (1761). The Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library, University of Toronto.
- 35. ‘Front of the Royal Exchange’, from The Royal Magazine 6 (1762). The Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library, University of Toronto.
- 36. ‘A Perspective View of the Custom House’, from The Royal Magazine 4 (1761). The Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library, University of Toronto.
- 37. ‘Gresham College’, from The Royal Magazine 5 (1761). © British Library Board (P.P.5441).
- 38. James Hulett, ‘St Bartholomew’s Hospital’, from The Royal Magazine 5 (1761). © British Library Board (P.P.5441).
- 39. Biblioteca Malatestiana, Cesana, Italy, 1447-1452. This shows the form of a typical southern European lectern library of the late Middle Ages and early modern period. Photograph by permission of Will Pryce (www.willpryce.com).
- 40. Leiden University Library, Leiden, Netherlands, 1607, showing its standing lecterns which changed the way the readers moved through the space (engraving by Jan Cornelisz Woudanus, 1610). World History Archive/Alamy Stock Photo.
- 41. Bibliothèque de la Abbaye-Sainte-Geneviève in Paris, France 1675-1732, with its long galleries (engraving by Franz Ertringer, 1689). It was a popular place to view. Wellcome Collection. Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
- 42. Klosterbibliothek, Augustiner Chorherrenstift St. Florian, St. Florian, Austria, 1750, showing the moving bookcase door. Photograph by permission of Will Pryce (www.willpryce.com).
- 43. Klosterbibliothek, Benediktinerstift Admont, Admont, Austria, 1776, showing the moveable Rococo step ladders. Photograph by permission of Will Pryce (www.willpryce.com).
- 44. Biblioteca Joanina, Coimbra, Portugal, 1728, showing the retracting ladders between the bookcases. Photograph by permission of Will Pryce (www.willpryce.com).
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