This book is the first comprehensive study of postwar antisemitism in the Netherlands. It focuses on the way stereotypes are passed on from one decade to the next, as reflected in public debates, the mass media, protests and commemorations, and everyday interactions. The Holocaust, Israel and 'the Jew' explores the ways in which old stories and phrases relating to 'the stereotypical Jew' are recycled and modified for new uses, linking the antisemitism of the early postwar years to its enduring manifestations in today's world.The Dutch case is interesting because of the apparent contrast between the Netherlands' famous tradition of tolerance and the large numbers of Jews who were deported and murdered in the Second World War. The book sheds light on the dark side of this so-called 'Dutch paradox,' in manifestations of aversion and guilt after 1945. In this context, the abusive taunt 'They forgot to gas you' can be seen as the first radical expression of postwar antisemitism as well as an indication of how the Holocaust came to be turned against the Jews. The identification of 'the Jew' with the gas chamber spread from the streets to football stadiums, and from verbal abuse to pamphlet and protest. The slogan 'Hamas, Hamas all the Jews to the gas' indicates that Israel became a second marker of postwar antisemitism.The chapters cover themes including soccer-related antisemitism, Jewish responses, philosemitism, antisemitism in Dutch-Moroccan and Dutch- Turkish communities, contentious acts of remembrance, the neo-Nazi tradition, and the legacy of Theo van Gogh. The book concludes with a lengthy epilogue on 'the Jew' in the politics of the radical right, the attacks in Paris in 2015, and the refugee crisis. The stereotype of 'the Jew' appears to be transferable to other minorities.Also available as paperback!
- Cover
- Table of Contents
- Preface
- 1. Why Jews are more guilty than others
- An introductory essay, 1945-2016
- Part I. Post-Liberation Antisemitism
- 2. ‘The Jew’ as Dubious Victim
- 3. The Meek Jew – and Beyond
- 4. Alte Kameraden
- Right-wing Antisemitism and Holocaust Denial
- Remco Ensel, Evelien Gans and Willem Wagenaar
- 5 Jewish Responses to Post-Liberation Antisemitism
- Part II. Israel and ‘the Jew’
- 6. Philosemitism?
- Ambivalences regarding Israel
- 7. Transnational Left-wing Protest and the ‘Powerful Zionist’
- 8. Israel: Source of Divergence
- 9. ‘The Activist Jew’ Responds to Changing Dutch Perceptions of Israel
- 10. Turkish Anti-Zionism in the Netherlands
- From Leftist to Islamist Activism
- Part III. The Holocaust-ed Jew in Native Dutch Domains since the 1980s
- 11. ‘The Jew’ in Football
- To Kick Around or to Embrace
- 12. Pornographic Antisemitism, Shoah Fatigue and Freedom of Speech
- 13. Historikerstreit
- The Stereotypical Jew in Recent Dutch Holocaust Studies
- Remco Ensel and Evelien Gans
- Part IV. Generations. Migrant Identities and Antisemitism in the Twenty-first Century
- 14. ‘The Jew’ vs. ‘the Young Male Moroccan’
- Stereotypical Confrontations in the City
- 15. Conspiracism
- Islamic Redemptive Antisemitism and the Murder of Theo van Gogh
- 16. Reading Anne Frank
- Confronting Antisemitism in Turkish Communities
- 17. Holocaust Commemorations in Postcolonial Dutch Society
- 18. Epilogue
- Instrumentalising and Blaming ‘the Jew’, 2011-2016
- References
- Index
- List of Illustrations
- Illustration 1 Cartoon by Maarten Meuldijk for the nsb newspaper, Volk en Vaderland, 25 June 1935
- Illustration 2 Fake train ticket. German original, 1931
- Illustration 3 Photo of a protest against the expiration of war crimes on Dam Square, 28 February 1965
- Illustration 4 Photo of a demonstration against the military operation in Jenin on Dam Square, 13 April 2002
- Illustration 5 A photo of the Jewish Quarter in the postwar years
- Illustration 6 Photo of a protest against the pension for the neo-nazi widow of a nazi in The Hague, 27 November 1986
- Illustration 7 A news clipping on the distribution of neo-Nazi material in newspaper Het Parool, 23 October 1964
- Illustration 8 Photo of a demonstration against airtime for an extreme right party, 18 May 1981
- Illustration 9 A news clipping on an incident with a student inititation ceremony from the Haagse Post, 27 October 1962
- Illustration 10 Volunteers for Israel, 5 June 1967
- Illustration 11 Postcard with a drawing by Burhan Karkutli, 1980
- Illustration 12 Postcard with a drawing by Burhan Karkutli, 1980
- Illustration 13 Photo of the laying of a wreath for the victims of an antisemitic bombing in Paris, 14 December 1980
- Illustration 14 Photo of the protection a synagogue receives, 21 October 1981
- Illustration 15 Photo of a demonstration against the mass murder in Sabra and Shatila, 25 September 1982
- Illustration 16 Photo of a demonstration against the mass murder in Sabra and Shatila, 25 September 1982
- Illustration 17 Photo of a Feyenoord football fan
- Illustration 18 Photo of a Feyenoord football fan
- Illustration 19 Photo of an Ajax fan
- Illustration 20 The cover of ‘Allah knows best’, a collection of columns by Theo van Gogh, January 2004
- Illustration 21 Photo of Jews being forced to leave their house
- Illustration 22 Photo of rapper Salah Edin in a talk show, 27 March 2008
- Illustration 23 Cartoon on the Holocaust by Abdou Bouzerda
- Illustration 24 Cartoon on the Holocaust by Abdou Bouzerda
- Illustration 25 Photo of graffiti thematizing Jews and media, Rotterdam, 2 June 2006
- Illustration 26 Photo of a demonstration against the politics of Geert Wilders, 22 March 2014
- Illustration 27 Cartoon on ritual slaughter by D.C. Lama
- Illustration 28 Photo of a protest against the assault on Charlie-Hebdo, 8 January 2015
- Illustration 29 Photo of a demonstration against the entry of refugees in Europe, 12 March 2016
Texte
Audio
Adobe DRM
Connectez-vous à votre compte