The book untitle: “The empowerment of Latin American women in politics” is integrated by three chapters. The first one covers elements related to female empowerment in politics, especifically the topics related to feminist theory and political representation. The second one deals with empowerment and political participation of women in Latin America; it highlights the status of women and their political participation as well as the influencing factors in women’s political participation. The third one transactions with neutrosophical evaluation of the political participation of women candidates and elected officials of the provincial municipality of Huamanga.
- Cover
- Copyright page
- Contenido
- Prologue
- Chapter 1. Female empowerment in politics
- 1.1. Feminist theory
- 1.2. Democratic theory and political representation
- 1.3. Gender focus
- 1.4. Human rights approach
- 1.5. Women’s political empowerment
- 1.6. Regulatory framework
- Chapter 2. Women’s empowerment and political participation in Latin America
- 2.1. The status of women and their political participation
- 2.2. Influencing factors on women’s political participation
- 2.2.1. Education and socioeconomic status
- 2.2.2. Employment status
- 2.2.2.1. Age and generations
- 2.2.3. Marriage
- 2.2.3.1. Religion and religiosity
- 2.2.4. Democratic governance and political freedom
- 2.2.4.1. Economic development
- 2.2.4.2. Women owners
- 2.3. Citizenship and spaces for women’s participation
- 2.4. Latin American historical context
- 2.5. Motherhood as a structural constraint and a framework for political action
- 2.6. Women’s political participation in Latin America
- Chapter 3. Neutrosophical evaluation of the political participation of women candidates and elected officials in Huamanga borough
- 3.1. Case description
- 3.1.1. Characterization of Huamanga borough
- 3.1.1.1. Characterization of the Municipal Council
- 3.1.2. Electoral context 2018
- 3.2. Methodology
- 3.2.1. Method of research
- 3.2.2. Techniques and instruments
- 3.2.3. Neutrosophy basics and operations performed
- 3.2.4. Population and sample
- 3.3. Results and discussion of the interviews
- 3.3.1. Socioeconomic characteristics of former candidates
- 3.3.2. Place of origin
- 3.3.3. Age of nomination of former candidates
- 3.3.4. Marital status
- 3.3.5. Level of education
- 3.3.6. Economic activity and income
- 3.3.7. Influencing factors on the political participation of former female candidates
- 3.3.8. Self-esteem and leadership
- 3.3.9. Political autonomy
- 3.3.10. Educational situation
- 3.3.11. Previous social and political experiences
- 3.3.12. Influence of the feminist movement
- 3.3.13. Knowledge of the electoral system
- 3.3.14. Gender roles
- 3.3.15. Gender biases
- 3.3.16. Economic independence
- 3.3.17. Women candidates’ perception of the electoral process
- 3.3.17.1. Motivation to participate in politics
- 3.3.17.2. Method of joining political organizations
- 3.3.17.3. Negotiation and placement on electoral lists
- 3.3.17.4. Experience on the electoral process
- 3.3.17.5. Possibilities of continuing in politics
- 3.3.17.6. Former candidates’ perceptions of electoral defeat
- 3.3.17.7. Perception of current female alderwomen on the electoral triumph
- 3.3.17.8. Perception of current municipal management
- 3.4. Results and discussion of the surveys with neutrosophic assessment
- 3.4.1. Factors of greater relevance in the political participation of women in theMunicipality of Huamanga
- 3.4.2. Evaluation of the 2018 electoral process
- 3.5. Progress of the implementation of public policies in the 2018 municipal electoral process
- 3.5.1. Parity and alternation
- 3.5.2. Political harassment
- 3.5.3. Regional and local laws 3.5.3.1. Regional ordinance on women’s leadership
- 3.5.3.1. Regional ordinance on women’s leadership
- 3.5.3.2. Provincial gender equality plan
- References
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