Studies of underground miners have provided a wealth of data about the risk of lung cancer from exposure to radon's progeny elements, but the application of the miner data to the home environment is not straightforward.
In Comparative Dosimetry of Radon in Mines and Homes, an expert committee uses a new dosimetric model to extrapolate to the home environment the risk relationships found in the miner studies. Important new scaling factors are developed for applying risk estimates based on miner data to men, women, and children in domestic environments. The book includes discussions of radon dosimetry and the uncertainties concerning other risk factors such as age and smoking habits.
The book also contains a thorough technical discussion of the characteristics of radioactive aerosols in domestic environments, the dose of inhaled radon progeny to different age groups, identification of respiratory tract cells at the greatest risk of carcinogenesis, and a complete description of the new lung dose model being developed by the International Commission on Radiological Protection as modified by this committee.
- Comparative Dosimetry of Radon in Mines and Homes
- Copyright
- Preface
- CHARGE TO THE COMMITTEE
- ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY
- ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- Contents
- Summary and Recommendations
- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS
- REFERENCES
- 1 Introduction
- CONCENTRATION, EXPOSURE, AND DOSE
- RISK ASSESSMENT FOR INDOOR RADON
- SUMMARY
- REFERENCES
- 2 Assessment of Exposure to the Decay Products of 222Rn in Mines and Homes
- INTRODUCTION
- BACKGROUND
- MEASUREMENT METHODS
- EXPOSURE TO RADON PROGENY
- Mine Atmospheres
- Indoor Atmospheres
- REFERENCES
- 3 Extrapolation of Doses and Risk per Unit Exposure from Mines to Homes
- INTRODUCTION
- REPRESENTATIVE EXPOSURE CONDITIONS
- BREATHING RATES AND CALCULATION OF DOSE PER UNIT EXPOSURE
- COMPARATIVE DOSES FROM RADON PROGENY IN MINES AND HOMES
- Target Cells in Bronchial Epithelium
- LOCALIZED VERSUS REGIONAL DOSES
- INFLUENCE OF MODELING UNCERTAINTIES
- DOSES TO ADULT FEMALES
- DOSES TO CHILDREN AND INFANTS
- VARIABILITY OF THE DOSE CONVERSION COEFFICIENT IN HOMES
- EFFECTS OF AIRWAY DISEASE ON DOSE
- COMPARATIVE DOSES FROM RADON AND THORON PROGENY
- SUMMARY OF DOSIMETRIC RISK EXTRAPOLATION FACTORS
- REFERENCES
- 4 Other Considerations
- BIOLOGICAL FACTORS
- GENDER
- AGE, GROWTH, AND INJURY IN RELATION TO CELL PROLIFERATION
- AGE
- CELL PROLIFERATION
- DOSE RATE, FRACTIONATION, AND DURATION OF EXPOSURE
- TISSUE DAMAGE
- CIGARETTE SMOKING
- REFERENCES
- 5 Dosimetry and Dosimetric Models for Inhaled Radon and Progeny
- SOME PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RADON AND RADON PROGENY
- MORPHOMETRIC MODELS OF THE RESPIRATORY TRACT
- HEAD AIRWAY MORPHOMETRY
- TRACHEOBRONCHIAL AIRWAY MORPHOMETRY
- RESPIRATORY AIRWAY MORPHOMETRY
- DEPOSITION MODELS OF THE RESPIRATORY TRACT
- CLEARANCE MODELS OF THE RESPIRATORY TRACT
- DOSIMETRY MODELS OF THE RESPIRATORY TRACT
- REFERENCES
- 6 Aerosols in Homes and Mines
- RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARTICLE SIZE AND DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT
- Penetration of Aerosols Through a Tube
- Deposition of Ultrafine Particles onto Wire Screens
- MEASUREMENT METHODS FOR UNATTACHED FRACTION
- Diffusion Sampler
- Wire Screen Samplers
- REVIEW OF PAST UNATTACHED FRACTION MEASUREMENTS IN MINE ATMOSPHERES
- Diffusion Sampler Measurements
- Wire Screen Measurements
- Summary of Mining Exposure
- INDOOR ATMOSPHERES
- Diffusion Sampler Measurements
- Wire Screen Measurements
- ACTIVITY-WEIGHTED SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS
- Summary of Indoor Exposure
- REFERENCES
- 7 Breathing, Deposition, and Clearance
- INTRODUCTION
- DEPOSITION OF RADON PROGENY: GENERAL PRINCIPLES
- FACTORS ACTING TO DEPOSIT PARTICLES IN THE LUNGS
- Diffusional
- Gravitational
- Inertia
- Other Forces
- Aerosol Characteristics
- Breathing Pattern
- Anatomy of the Respiratory System
- CLEARANCE OF RADON PROGENY: GENERAL PRINCIPLES
- Mucociliary Transport
- Nonciliated Regions
- Cough
- DIFFERENCES BETWEEN WORKERS AND THE PUBLIC
- Anatomic Variations
- Breathing Pattern
- Activity Level and Exercise
- Oral Versus Nasal Breathing
- OTHER MODIFYING FACTORS INFLUENCING DEPOSITION AND/OR CLEARANCE OF RADON PROGENY
- Preexisting Disease
- Smoking
- OTHER CHARACTERISTICS OF WORKERS AND THE PUBLIC
- Occupancy Data
- Ethnic Differences
- Altitude
- Species Differences
- CONCLUSIONS
- REFERENCES
- 8 Cells of Origin for Lung Cancer
- OVERVIEW
- STRUCTURE OF THE LUNG
- PATHOLOGY OF LUNG CANCER
- BASIC CONCEPTS OF LUNG CANCER DEVELOPMENT
- Multistep Process of Lung Cancer Development
- Genetic and Chromosomal Alterations in Lung Cancer
- CELLS FROM WHICH LUNG CANCERS DEVELOP
- TYPES AND INCIDENCE OF LUNG CANCER IN URANIUM MINERS
- DISCUSSION
- REFERENCES
- 9 The Committee's Dosimetric Model for Radon and Thoron Progeny
- INTRODUCTION
- DOSIMETRIC ASSUMPTIONS AND MODEL
- CLEARANCE MODEL
- DEPOSITION MODEL
- NASAL AND ORAL FILTRATION
- Definition of Exposure and Reference Breathing Rates
- Contributions of Individual Radon Progeny to the WLM
- Contributions of Individual Thoron Progeny to the WLM
- Reference Breathing Rates
- Exposure-Dose Conversion Coefficients
- Influence of Aerosol Size, Clearance Behavior, and Target Cells
- Influence of Exercise
- Influence of Age and Gender
- Influence of Airway Disease
- REFERENCES
- Index
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