Digitalia
Advanced Search
Valuing Health Risks, Costs, and Benefits for Environmental Decision Making

Valuing Health Risks, Costs, and Benefits for Environmental Decision Making

Report of a Conference

  • Author: Coppock, Rob; Hammond, P.Brett
  • Publisher: National Academies Press
  • ISBN: 9780309041959
  • eISBN Pdf: 9780309596053
  • Place of publication:  United States
  • Year of digital publication: 1990
  • Month: January
  • Pages: 244
  • Language: English
  • Valuing Health Risks, Costs, and Benefits for Environmental Decision Making
  • Copyright
  • Contents
  • Preface
  • Executive Summary
  • 1 Introduction
    • RISK ASSESSMENT AND BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS
    • REGULATORY PRACTICE
    • CONTINUING ISSUES
      • Contextual And Legal Constraints
      • Approaches To Analysis
      • How Much Information?
      • Handling Uncertainty
    • CONCLUSION
    • REFERENCES
  • 2 The Making Of Cruel Choices
  • 3 The Politics Of Benefit-Cost Analysis
    • ALTERNATIVE EXPLANATIONS
      • Thinking Like Lawyers
      • Ravenous Bureaucrats
      • Media Hype
      • Public Opinion And Political Culture
    • CONGRESS: KEYSTONE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL ESTABLISHMENT
      • Omb: The Eye of The Storm
      • The Health-Only Canard
    • THE FEDERAL COURTS
      • Rule-Making Procedures
      • Reading Statutes
    • REGULATORY AGENCIES
    • ENVIRONMENTAL GROUPS
    • CONCLUSION
    • REFERENCES
  • 4 Benefit-Cost Analysis As A Source Of Information About Welfare
    • SCOPE AND COMPREHENSIVENESS
    • MEASURING COSTS AND BENEFITS AT PARTICULAR POINTS IN TIME
      • Diminishing Marginal Utility In The Intrapersonal Case
      • Diminishing Marginal Utility In The Interpersonal Case
      • Preferences Involving Poor Information Or Other Cognitive Defects
      • Preferences Not Related To Welfare
      • The Absence Of Appropriate Markets
    • MEASURING COSTS AND BENEFITS OVER TIME
      • When Saving Is Optimal
      • When Saving Is Not Optimal
    • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
    • REFERENCES
  • 5 Comparing Values In Environmental Policies: Moral Issues And Moral Arguments
    • METHODS OF REASONING ABOUT MORALITY
      • Empirical Approaches To Moral Issues
      • Arguing From Theory or Basic Doctrines
    • VALUING AND DISCOUNTING LIVES IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES
    • THE SOCIAL DISCOUNT RATE
    • SHOULD LIVES BE DISCOUNTED?
      • Democracy And Consumer Sovereignty
      • Excessive Sacrifice
      • Indefinite Delay
      • A Paradox
    • WHAT SHOULD THE DISCOUNT RATE BE?
    • PUTTING A PRICE ON LIFE
    • CONCLUSION
    • ACKNOWLEDGMENT
    • REFERENCES
  • 6 Environmental Policy Making: Act Now Or Wait For More Information?
    • IRREVERSIBILITY AND THE BIAS TOWARD WAITING
    • WAITING AND SUNKEN COSTS
      • Diesel Emissions
      • Cyanazine
      • Ethylene Dibromide
    • REGULATION AS RESEARCH
    • CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS
    • CONCLUDING COMMENTS
    • REFERENCES
  • 7 Choice Under Uncertainty: Problems Solved And Unsolved
    • THE EXPECTED UTILITY MODEL
      • The Classical Perspective: Cardinal Utility And Attitudes Toward Risk
      • A Modern Perspective: Linearity In The Probabilities As A Testable Hypothesis
    • VIOLATIONS OF LINEARITY IN TILE PROBABILITIES
      • The Allais Paradox And "Fanning Out"
      • Additional Evidence Of Fanning Out
      • Non-Expected Utility Models Of Preferences
    • THE PREFERENCE REVERSAL PHENOMENON
      • The Evidence
      • Two Interpretations Of This Phenomenon
      • Implications Of The Economic World View
      • Implications Of The Psychological World View
    • FRAMING EFFECTS
      • Evidence
      • Two Issues Regarding Framing
      • Framing Effects And Economic Analysis: Has This Problem Already Been Solved?
    • OTHER ISSUES: IS PROBABILITY THEORY RELEVANT?
      • The Manipulation Of Subjective Probabilities
      • The Existence Of Subjective Probabilities
      • Life (And Economic Analysis) Without Probability Theory
    • IMPLICATIONS FOR PRIVATE AND PUBLIC DECISION MAKING
    • IMPLICATIONS FOR PRIVATE-SECTOR DECISION ANALYSIS
      • Implications for Public Decision Making
      • Public and Corporate Obligations in the Presentation of Information
    • ACKNOWLEDGMENT
    • EDITORS' NOTE
    • REFERENCES
  • 8 Conclusions
    • THE CONTEXT OF DECISION MAKING
    • APPROACH
    • PROCEDURE
    • SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION
    • DECISION MAKING
    • CONCLUSIONS
  • Appendix Setting National Standards For Inorganic Arsenic Emissions From Primary Copper Smelters: A Case Study
    • RISK ASSESSMENT: QUANTIFYING CANCER RISKS
      • Estimated Dose Response
      • Estimated Public Exposure
      • Estimated Individual And Population Risks
      • Uncertainties In Risk Characterization
        • Exposure For An Entire Lifetime
        • Early Lifetime Exposure
        • Use of Census Data
        • Assumption of No Latency Period
        • Exclusion of Other Health Effects
      • Evaluation of Risk Assessment
    • RISK MANAGEMENT: EXAMINING THE CONSEQUENCES
      • Emissions and Risk Reductions
      • Remaining Exposure and Risks
      • Costs and Economic Impacts
      • Economic Cost-Effectiveness
      • Economic Efficiency
      • Equity
    • FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN SETTING A STANDARD
      • How Should Health Risk Be Characterized?
      • What Constitutes a Significant Risk?
      • What Constitutes an Appropriate Balance Between Costs and Risks?
      • How Should Single-Decision Criteria Be Explicitly Integrated?
      • Is Any Balance Between Costs and Risks Consistent with EPA's Legislative Mandate?
    • EPA'S ACTUAL REGULATORY DECISION FOR INORGANIC ARSENIC EMISSIONS FROM PRIMARY COPPER SMELTERS
    • REFERENCES

Subjects

Back
Login to your account

Viewers online

  • Text
  • ReadSpeaker Audio

Download options

  • Adobe DRM Adobe DRM
  • Loan duration: 21 days
  • Format: PDF

SUBSCRIBE TO OUR NEWSLETTER

By subscribing, you accept our Privacy Policy

©2021 - 2024 Digitalia - All rights reserved