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Twenty-First Symposium on Naval Hydrodynamics

Twenty-First Symposium on Naval Hydrodynamics

  • Publisher: National Academies Press
  • ISBN: 9780309058797
  • eISBN Pdf: 9780309592598
  • Place of publication:  United States
  • Year of digital publication: 1997
  • Month: August
  • Pages: 1101
  • DDC: 530
  • Language: English
  • Twenty-First Symposium on NAVAL HYDRODYNAMICS
  • Copyright
  • FOREWORD
  • Contents
  • Twenty-First Symposium on NAVAL HYDRODYNAMICS Opening Remarks
    • Dr. Fred E.Saalfeld Deputy Chief of Naval Research/Technical Director
  • Twenty-First Symposium on NAVAL HYDRODYNAMICS Technical Sessions
    • Progress Toward Understanding How Waves Break
      • 1. INTRODUCTION
      • 2. THE NEAR-LIMITING FORM OF STEEP STOKES WAVES
      • 3. CREST INSTABILITIES
      • 4. SUPERHARMONIC INSTABILITIES: DEEP WATER
      • 5. INSTABILITIES IN SOLITARY WAVES
      • 6. FINITE-AMPLITUDE DEVELOPMENT OF CREST INSTABILITIES
      • 7. WAVE-GENERATED RIPPLES
      • 8. CAPILLARY JUMPS
      • 9. EFFECT OF SURFACE TENSION ON CREST INSTABILITIES
      • 10. VISCOUS EFFECTS
      • 11. BREAKING IN MODULATED WAVE TRAINS
      • 12. CONCLUSIONS
      • ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
      • References
    • Radiation and Diffraction Waves of a Ship at Forward Speed
      • ABSTRACT
      • 1 INTRODUCTION
      • 2 MEASUREMENT OF RADIATION AND DIFFRACTION WAVES
      • 3 COMPUTATION OF DIFFRACTION AND RADIATION WAVES
      • 4 ADDED RESISTANCE
      • 5 SUMMARY
      • References
      • DISCUSSION
      • AUTHOR'S REPLY
    • Nonlinear Ship Motions and Wave-Induced Loads by a Rankine Method
      • ABSTRACT
      • 1 INTRODUCTION
      • 2 NONLINEAR SHIP MOTIONS
        • 2.1 Linear Foundation
          • 2.1.1 Linear formulation
          • 2.1.2 Numerical implementation
        • 2.2 Nonlinear Restoring and Froude-Krylov Forces
        • 2.3 Weak Scatterer Hypothesis
        • 2.4 Linear and Nonlinear Motions
      • 3 GLOBAL LOADS
        • 3.1 Global Loads in Regular Waves
        • 3.2 Extreme Value Statistics
      • 4 CONCLUSIONS
      • 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
      • References
      • DISCUSSION
      • AUTHORS' REPLY
    • Nonlinear Water Wave Computations Using a Multipole Accelerated, Desingularized Method
      • ABSTRACT
      • INTRODUCTION
      • PROBLEM FORMULATION
        • Boundary Value Problem for the Fluid Motion
        • Mixed Boundary Value Problem for the Perturbation Potential
      • SOLUTION TECHNIQUES
        • Domain Decomposition
        • Multipole Expansions
        • Multipole Acceleration
      • RESULTS
        • Multipole Efficiency
        • Nonlinear incident waves at forward speed
        • Wave forces on a submerged submarine with forward speed
      • CONCLUSIONS
      • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
      • REFERENCES
      • DISCUSSION
      • AUTHORS' REPLY
    • Computations of Wave Loads Using a B-Spline Panel Method
      • ABSTRACT
      • 1. INTRODUCTION
      • 2. THE BOUNDARY-VALUE PROBLEM
      • 3. THE B-SPLINE METHODOLOGY
        • 3.1 Features of the method
        • 3.2 The integral equation
        • 3.3 Nonlinear methodology
      • 4. RESULTS
        • 4.1 First-order results
        • 4.2 The second-order solution
        • 4.3 The third-order solution
      • 5. CONCLUSIONS
      • ACKNOWLEDGMENT
      • References
      • DISCUSSION
      • AUTHORS' REPLY
      • ADDITIONAL REFERENCE
      • DISCUSSION
      • AUTHORS' REPLY
      • ADDITIONAL REFERENCE
    • Simulation of Strongly Nonlinear Wave Generation and Wave-Body Interactions Using a 3-D MEL Model
      • ABSTRACT
      • INTRODUCTION
      • FORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM
        • Boundary Value Problem
        • Coupling with Body Motions
        • Accounting for Nonlinear Incoming Waves
        • Splitting the Incident Wave Contribution
      • NUMERICAL METHODS
        • Boundary Element Method
        • Solution of Linear Systems of Equations
        • Interpolations and Smoothing at the Free Surface
        • Time Marching Scheme
      • NUMERICAL RESULTS
        • Nonlinear Diffraction of Long Waves by a Vertical Cylinder
        • Nonlinear Motion of a Floating Dock in Regular Ambient Waves
        • Large Amplitude Standing Waves in a Three Dimensional Tank
      • CONCLUSION
        • Acknowledgments
      • References
      • DISCUSSION
      • AUTHOR'S RESPONSE
    • Analysis of Interactions Between Nonlinear Waves and Bodies by Domain Decomposition
      • ABSTRACT
      • INTRODUCTION
      • MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION AND NUMERICAL TECHNIQUE
      • DOMAIN DECOMPOSITION TECHNIQUE
      • RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
      • CONCLUSIONS
      • ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
      • REFERENCES
    • Fourier-Kochin Theory of Free-Surface Flows
      • ABSTRACT
      • INTRODUCTION
      • BACKGROUND
      • FOURIER-KOCHIN FORMULATION
      • COUPLING OF VISCOUS AND POTENTIAL FLOWS
      • FOURIER REPRESENTATION OF GENERIC DISPERSIVE WAVES
      • TIME-HARMONIC SHIP WAVES
        • Dispersion curves
        • Component wave systems
        • General features of component waves
        • Fourier representations of wave components
        • Illustrative calculations
      • CONCLUSION
      • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
      • REFERENCES
    • 24-Inch Water Tunnel Flow Field Measurements During Propeller Crashback
      • ABSTRACT
      • INTRODUCTION
      • TEST FACILITY AND PDV SETUP
      • UNSTEADY FLOW BEHAVIOR
      • PDV IMAGE PROCESS
      • VELOCITY AND VORTICITY DISTRIBUTIONS
      • CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
      • ACKNOWLEDGMENT
      • REFERENCES
    • Accuracy of Wave Pattern Analysis Methods in Towing Tanks
      • INTRODUCTION
      • LONGITUDINAL CUT METHOD (LCM)
        • Description
        • Transverse position
        • Truncation
      • DISCRETE DECOMPOSITION METHOD (DDM)
        • Description
        • Discussion of results
      • THE SINGULARITY DISTRIBUTION IDENTIFICATION METHOD (SDIM)
        • Description
        • Near field wave correction
        • Discrete source distribution
        • Application to experimental data
        • Influence of signal length
        • Probe transverse position
      • CONCLUSIONS
      • ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
      • NOMENCLATURE
      • REFERENCES
    • Unsteady Three-Dimensional Cross-Flow Separation Measurements on a Prolate Spheroid Undergoing Time-Dependent Maneuvers
      • ABSTRACT
      • NOMENCLATURE
      • 1. INTRODUCTION
        • 1.1 Unsteady Aerodynamics
        • 1.2 6:1 Prolate Spheroid
        • 1.3 Overview of Present Research Program
      • 2. DYNAMIC PLUNGE-PITCH-ROLL MODEL MOUNT (DYPPIR)
        • 2.1 Stability and Control Wind Tunnel
        • 2.2 DyPPiR Hardware Overview
        • 2.3 Maneuvers Tested
          • 2.3.1 The 0.33s, 30° Ramp Pitchup
          • 2.3.2 The 0.25s Submarine Maneuver
        • 2.4 Model Geometry
      • 3. HOT-FILM MEASUREMENTS
        • 3.1 Theory of Operation
        • 3.2 Experimental Apparatus And Uncertainties
        • 3.3 Steady Results
        • 3.4 Unsteady Results
          • 3.4.1 Pitchup Maneuver
          • 3.4.2 Submarine Maneuver
      • 4. PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS
        • 4.1 Experimental Apparatus and Uncertainties
        • 4.2 Steady Results
      • 5. FORCES AND MOMENTS
        • 5.1 Introduction
        • 5.2 Two-point Balance and Light-weight Model
        • 5.3 Steady Results
        • 5.4 Unsteady Results
        • 5.5 Future Improvements
      • 6. DISCUSSION
      • 7. CONCLUSIONS
      • ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
      • References
    • Time-Domain Calculations of First- and Second-Order Forces on a Vessel Sailing in Waves
      • ABSTRACT
      • NOMENCLATURE
      • INTRODUCTION
      • 1 TIME-DOMAIN ALGORITHM
        • 1.1 The interior problem
        • 1.2 The exterior problem
        • 1.3 The total problem
        • 1.4 Movement and forces
      • 2 INCREASING THE SPEED
        • 2.1 Upwind discretization
      • 3 RESULTS
      • 4 CONCLUSIONS AND FURTHER RESEARCH
      • ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
      • References
    • Third-Order Volterra Modeling of Ship Responses Based on Regular Wave Results
      • ABSTRACT
      • 1 INTRODUCTION
      • 2 EXPERIMENTS
      • 3 THE THIRD ORDER VOLTERRA MODEL
      • 4 THE RESULTS
        • 4.1 Time Histories
        • 4.2 Response Spectra
        • 4.3 Sample Probability Densities
        • 4.4 Peak-Peak Probability Densities
      • 5 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
      • ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
      • References
      • NOMENCLATURE
      • DISCUSSION
      • AUTHOR'S REPLY
    • Nonlinearly Interacting Responses of the Two Rotational Modes of Motion—Roll and Pitch Motions
      • ABSTRACT
      • 1. INTRODUCTION
      • 2. EQUATIONS OF MOTION
      • 3. ANALYSIS
      • 4. PRIMARY RESONANCE OF THE PITCH MODE
        • 4.1 Modulation Equations
        • 4.2 Fixed Points
        • 4.3 Stability of Fixed Points
        • 4.4 Numerical Results and Discussion
          • 4.4.1 Breaking of Saturation in Force-Response Curves
          • 4.4.2 Effect of Quadratic Roll Damping on Frequency-Response Curves
          • 4.4.3 Hopf Bifurcation Region
      • 5. PRIMARY RESONANCE OF THE ROLL MODE
        • 5.1 Modulation Equations
        • 5.2 Fixed Points
        • 5.3 Stability of Fixed Points
        • 5.4 Numerical Results and Discussion
      • 6. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
      • REFERENCES
    • Nonlinear Shallow-Water Flow on Deck Coupled with Ship Motion
      • ABSTRACT
      • INTRODUCTION
      • SHIP MOTION IN THE TIME DOMAIN
      • NONLINEAR SHALLOW WATER FLOW ON DECK
        • Governing Equations
        • The Flux Difference Splitting Scheme
      • COMPUTATION OF FORCES
        • Forces Caused by Water Flow on Deck
        • Nonlinear Froude-Krylov Forces
        • Forces due to the Radiated and Diffracted Waves
        • Viscous Roll Damping Moment
        • Resistance, Cross-Flow Drag and Thrust
        • Maneuvering Forces
        • Rudder Forces and Autopilot
      • RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
      • CONCLUSIONS
      • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
      • References
    • Radar Backscatter of a V-like Ship Wake from a Sea Surface Covered by Surfactants
      • ABSTRACT
      • 1 INTRODUCTION
      • 2 WAVE ELEVATIONS INDUCED BY A MOVING SHIP.
      • 3 THE GREEN FUNCTION OF A MOVING SURFACE DISTURBANCE.
        • 3.1 Governing equations.
        • 3.2 Boundary conditions.
        • 3.3 Fourier transformation of the boundary-value problem
        • 3.4 Poles of the integrand.
        • 3.5 The Kochin function.
        • 3.6 Simplified waterline
        • 3.7 Asymptotic expression for the wave elevation.
      • 4 ASYMPTOTIC EXPRESSION FOR THE RADAR BACK SCATTER CROSS-SECTION.
      • 5 NUMERICAL SIMULATION.
      • 6 SUMMARY.
      • 7 ACKNOWLEDGMENT
      • References
    • Turbulent Free-Surface Flows: A Comparison Between Numerical Simulations and Experimental Measurements
      • ABSTRACT
      • 1 INTRODUCTION
      • 2 MATHEMATICAL FORMULATIONS
        • 2.1 Field Equations
        • 2.2 Free-Surface Boundary Conditions
        • 2.3 Sub-Grid Scale Modeling
        • 2.4 Stirring
        • 2.5 Initialization
      • 3 NUMERICAL FORMULATION
      • 4 LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS
      • 5 NUMERICAL RESULTS
        • 5.1 Grid-Stirred Turbulence
        • 5.2 A Model-Scale Frigate
      • 6 CONCLUSIONS
      • ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
      • REFERENCES
    • Conductivity Measurements in the Wake of Submerged Bodies in Density-Stratified Media
      • ABSTRACT
      • INTRODUCTION
      • MODELS, FACILITIES, AND TECHNIQUES
        • Scaling of the Model
        • Test Tank
        • Stratification System
        • Conductivity Measurements
        • Test Procedures
      • PRESENTATION OF RESULTS
        • Impulsive Start and Wake Collapse
        • Non-Impulsive Start and Wake Collapse
        • Upstream Effect
      • CONCLUSIONS
      • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
      • REFERENCES
      • DISCUSSION
      • ADDITIONAL REFERENCE
      • AUTHORS' REPLY
    • Macro Wake Measurements for a Range of Ships
      • ABSTRACT
      • 1. INTRODUCTION
      • 2. SCOPE OF INVESTIGATION
      • 3. MEASUREMENT EQUIPMENT
        • 3.1. Setup
        • 3.2. Accuracy
          • 3.2.1. LDV measurements of macro wake
          • 3.2.2. Wave profile measurements
          • 3.2.3. LDV near-free-surface measurements
        • 3.3. Conclusion
      • 4. PRESENTATION AND DISCUSSION OF RESULTS
        • 4.1. Mean flow and vortex systems
          • 4.1.1. Wake of unpropelled hulls
          • 4.1.2. Wake of propelled hulls
          • 4.1.3. Effect of rudder
        • 4.2. Wave pattern
        • 4.3. Near-free-surface flow
        • 4.4. Turbulence
        • 4.5. Effects of ship features
          • 4.5.1. Propulsion configuration
          • 4.5.2. Beam-draft ratio
          • 4.5.3. Trim/Loading condition
      • 5. CLOSING REMARKS
      • References
      • APPENDIX I: LENGTHWISE POSITION OF MEASUREMENT PLANES
    • Time-Marching CFD Simulation for Moving Boundary Problems
      • ABSTRACT
      • 1 INTRODUCTION
      • 2 TIME-MARCHING SOLUTION METHOD AND GRID SYSTEM
        • 2.1 Solution algorithm
        • 2.2 Grid System
      • 3 MOVING BOUNDARY TREATMENT
        • 3.1 Moving body-boundary conditions
        • 3.2 Free-surface conditions
      • 4 SHIP FLOW SIMULATION
        • 4.1 Bow wave simulation
        • 4.2 Diffraction waves at a bow
        • 4.3 Free-surface shock wave
        • 4.4 Stern wave of fast ship
        • 4.5 Maneuvering motion
      • 5 SAILING BOAT SIMULATION
        • 5.1 Steady motion
        • 5.2 Unsteady motion
      • 6 OCEAN WAVE SIMULATION
        • 6.1 2D breaking wave
        • 6.2 3D breaking wave
      • 7 MULTI-PHASE FLOW SIMULATION
        • 7.1 Bubble flow simulation
      • 8 CONCLUSION
      • References
    • Yaw Effects on Model-Scale Ship Flows
      • ABSTRACT
      • NOMENCLATURE
      • INTRODUCTION
      • OVERVIEW OF THE EXPERIMENTS
        • Facilities and equipment
          • Towing tank
          • Ship model and geometry
          • Instrumentation
          • Data-acquisition systems
          • Calibration procedures
        • Procedures and conditions
          • Forces, yaw moment, and displacements
          • Wave profiles
          • Wave elevations
          • Mean-velocity and pressure field
        • Uncertainty analysis
      • RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
        • General observations
        • Forces, yaw moment, and displacements
        • Wave profiles
        • Wave elevations
        • Mean-velocity and pressure field
      • CONCLUSIONS
      • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
      • REFERENCES
    • A Multigrid Velocity-Pressure-Free Surface Elevation Fully Coupled Solver for Calculation of Turbulent Incompressible Flow…
      • 1. ABSTRACT
      • 2. INTRODUCTION
      • 3. EQUATIONS
      • 4. BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
      • 5. DISCRETISATION OF EQUATIONS
        • 5.1 Discretisation of transport equations
        • 5.2 Discretisation of transport equations for kinetic energy and turbulence dissipation
        • 5.3 Discretisation of free surface conditions
        • 5.4 Discretisation of continuity equation, use of a generalised Rhie and Chow method to obtain pressure equation
      • 6. COUPLED SOLUTION
      • 7. SOLUTION OF LINEAR SYSTEM
        • 7.1 Preconditioning of CGSTAB algorithm
        • 7.2 The Full Multi-Grid algorithm
      • 8. NUMERICAL RESULTS
        • 8.1 Turbulence model
        • 8.2 Free surface field
        • 8.4 velocity field
      • 9. CONCLUSION
      • 10. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
      • 11. REFERENCES
      • DISCUSSION
      • AUTHORS' REPLY
      • DISCUSSION
      • AUTHORS' REPLY
      • DISCUSSION
      • AUTHORS' REPLY
    • The Shoulder Wave and Separation Generated by a Surface-Piercing Strut
      • ABSTRACT
      • INTRODUCTION
      • EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES
      • RESULTS
      • CONCLUSIONS
      • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
      • REFERENCES
    • Vorticity Fields due to Rolling Bodies in a Free Surface—Experiment and Theory
      • ABSTRACT
      • 1 INTRODUCTION
      • 2 THE ROLLING-PLATE EXPERIMENT
        • 2.1 Design of experiment
        • 2.2 Flow-Image Capturing and Analysis
      • 3 VORTICITY STRUCTURES— EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
        • 3.1 Asymmetrical flow regime
        • 3.2 Symmetrical flow regime
      • 4 THEORETICAL MODEL
        • 4.1 Viscous flows with a free surface
        • 4.2 Vorticity representation by blobs
        • 4.3 Vorticity diffusion and convection
        • 4.4 Solution of the stream function ψh
        • 4.5 Hydrodynamic pressure and forces
      • 5 THEORY VS. EXPERIMENT—COMPARISON OF RESULTS
      • 6 HYDRODYNAMIC COEFFICIENTS OF ROLLING CYLINDERS
      • 7 CONCLUSIONS
        • Acknowledgements
    • Numerical Calculations of Ship Stern Flows at Full-Scale Reynolds Numbers
      • ABSTRACT
      • NOMENCLATURE
      • 1 INTRODUCTION
      • 2 COMPUTATIONAL METHOD
        • 2.1 Mathematical Formulation
          • 2.1.1 Boundary Conditions
          • 2.1.2 Grid Singularities
        • 2.2 Numerical Solution
          • 2.2.1 Discretization
          • 2.2.2 Iterative Procedure
          • 2.2.3 Grid Sequencing
            • Streamwise Direction
            • Girthwise Direction
            • Normal Direction
      • 3 GRID GENERATION
      • 4 RESULTS
        • 4.1 General
        • 4.2 Grid Dependency Studies
          • 4.2.1 Outer region grid refinement
          • 4.2.2 Near-Wall Discretization
        • 4.3 Comparison of Solutions at Full Scale and Model Scale Reynolds Numbers
          • 4.3.1 HSVA tanker
          • 4.3.2 Mystery tanker
      • 5 CONCLUSIONS
      • References
    • Near- and Far-Field CFD for a Naval Combatant Including Thermal-Stratification and Two-Fluid Modeling
      • ABSTRACT
      • 1 INTRODUCTION
      • 2 PROBLEM FORMULATION
        • 2.1 Near Field
        • 2.2 Far Field
      • 3 COMPUTATIONAL METHODS
        • 3.1 Near Field
        • 3.2 Far Field
      • 4 CONDITIONS AND GRIDS
        • 4.1 Near-Field
        • 4.2 Far-Field
      • 5 UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS
      • 6 RESULTS
        • 6.1 Near Field
          • 6.1.1 Single phase, unstratified flow, without propeller
          • 6.1.2 Stratification
          • 6.1.3 With Propeller
          • 6.1.4 Two-Phase Flow
        • 6.2 Far Field
      • 7 CONCLUDING REMARKS
      • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
      • REFERENCES
    • Water Entry of Arbitrary Two-Dimensional Sections with and Without Flow Separation
      • 1 ABSTRACT
      • 2 INTRODUCTION
      • 3 FULLY NONLINEAR SOLUTION
      • 4 SIMPLIFIED SOLUTION
      • 5 VERIFICATION OF THE SIMPLIFIED METHOD
      • 6 DESCRIPTION OF DROP TESTS
        • 6.1 THE MODEL
        • 6.2 INSTRUMENTATION
      • 7 COMPARISONS BETWEEN THEORY AND EXPERIMENTS
      • 8 CONCLUSIONS
      • 9 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
      • 10 REFERENCES
    • Coupled Hydrodynamic Impact and Elastic Response
      • ABSTRACT
      • INTRODUCTION
      • THEORETICAL MODELING OF IMPACT
      • EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION PROGRAM
        • Objectives and Application
        • Facility, Model Description, and Procedures
        • Instrumentation
        • Discussion of the Experimental Results
      • IMPACT OF A MULTI-DEGREE-OF-FREEDOM BODY
        • Time dependent, single degree-of-freedom impact
        • Time dependent, two degree-of-freedom impact
      • SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
      • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
      • REFERENCES
    • A Practical Prediction of Wave-Induced Structural Responses in Ships with Large Amplitude Motion
      • ABSTRACT
      • 1. INTRODUCTION
      • 2. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
      • 3. NUMERICAL PROCEDURES
      • 4. APPLICATION TO A HIGH-SPEED CATAMARAN MODEL
        • 4.1 Description of Model Tests
        • 4.2 Numerical and Experimental Results
      • 5. CONCLUDING REMARKS
      • ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
      • References
      • DISCUSSION
      • AUTHORS' REPLY
    • Evaluation of Eddy Viscosity and Second-Moment Turbulence Closures for Steady Flows Around Ships
      • 1 INTRODUCTION
      • 2 THE NUMERICAL METHOD
      • 3 THE ISOTROPIC EDDY VISCOSITY CLOSURES
        • 3.1 The k–Models
          • 3.1.1 The Original k–ω Model
          • 3.1.2 BSL variant from Menter
      • 4 THE SECOND MOMENT CLOSURES
        • 4.1 The Shima Model
        • 4.2 Numerical Implementation
          • 4.2.1 A pressure-turbulence equation
          • 4.2.2 The correction step
          • 4.2.3 The overall coupling algorithm
            • Conventional coupling algorithm Non-linear iteration 1
            • Non-linear iteration 2
            • Modified coupling algorithm Non-linear iteration 1
            • Non-linear iteration 2
          • 4.2.4 An appropriate pressure boundary condition
      • 5 RESULTS
      • 6 CONCLUDING REMARKS
      • 7 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
      • References
      • DISCUSSION
      • REFERENCE
      • AUTHORS' REPLY
      • DISCUSSION
      • AUTHORS' REPLY
    • On the Modeling of the Flow Past a Free-Surface-Piercing Flat Plate
      • ABSTRACT
      • 1 INTRODUCTION
      • 2 MATHEMATICAL MODELS
        • 2.1 Inviscid Model
        • 2.2 Viscous Model
      • 3 EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP
      • 4 DISCUSSION OF RESULTS
      • 5 CONCLUSION AND PERSPECTIVES
      • References
    • Self-Propelled Maneuvering Underwater Vehicles
      • ABSTRACT
      • 1.0 INTRODUCTION
      • 2.0 NUMERICAL APPROACH
        • 2.1 Navier-Stokes Equations
        • 2.2 Numerical Flux Vector
        • 2.3 Solution Algorithm
      • 3.0 PROPULSOR TREATMENTS
        • 3.1 Body Force Propulsor
        • 3.2 Actual Rotating Propulsor
      • 4.0 DYNAMIC MOTION OF THE VEHICLE
      • 5.0 TURBULENCE MODEL
      • 6.0 RESULTS
        • 6.1 Validation Computations
        • 6.2 Maneuvering Predictions
      • 7.0 CONCLUDING REMARKS
      • ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
      • REFERENCES
    • Spray Formation at the Free Surface of Turbulent Bow Sheets
      • ABSTRACT
      • NOMENCLATURE
      • INTRODUCTION
      • EXPERIMENTAL METHODS
        • Apparatus
        • Instrumentation
        • Test Conditions
      • RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
        • Flow Visualization
        • Onset of a Roughened Surface
        • Onset of Primary Breakup
      • CONCLUSIONS
      • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
      • REFERENCES
      • DISCUSSION
      • AUTHORS' REPLY
    • Numerical Simulation of Three-Dimensional Breaking Waves About Ships
      • ABSTRACT
      • INTRODUCTION
      • NUMERICAL METHOD
        • Finite-difference Method
        • Finite-volume method
      • FREE SURFACE CONDITION
        • Density-function method
        • Accuracy examination
      • FREE SURFACE SHOCK WAVE ABOUT A WEDGE MODEL
      • BREAKING WAVES AROUND PRACTICAL HULLS
      • CONCLUDING REMARKS
    • Generation Mechanisms and Sources of Vorticity Within a Spilling Breaking Wave
      • ABSTRACT
      • 1. INTRODUCTION
      • 2. EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP
        • 2.1 The test facility
        • 2.2 The DPIV set-up and acquisition system
        • 2.3 Free surface treatment of the DPIV images
      • 3. RESULTS & DISCUSSION
        • 3.1 Case 1: Higher Froude & Reynolds numbers
          • 3.1.1 Velocity and vorticity fields
          • 3.1.2 Sources of Vorticity
          • 3.1.3 Experimental observations of the sources of vorticity
        • 3.2 Case 2: Lower Froude & Reynolds numbers
          • 3.2.1 Velocity and vorticity fields
          • 3.2.2 Experimental observations of the sources of vorticity
      • 4. CONCLUSION
      • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
      • REFERENCES
    • The Flow Field in Steady Breaking Waves
      • ABSTRACT
      • 1 INTRODUCTION
      • 2 EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS
        • 2.1 Tank and hydrofoils
        • 2.2 Measurement techniques
          • 2.2.1 Surface profile measurements
          • 2.2.2 Particle image velocimetry
        • 2.3 Experimental conditions
      • 3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
        • 3.1 Surface profile measurements
        • 3.2 Flow field measurements
        • 3.3 Jet formation
        • 3.4 Full-scale observations
      • 4 CONCLUSION
      • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
      • References
    • Freak Waves—A Three-Dimensional Wave Simulation
      • ABSTRACT
      • 1 INTRODUCTION
      • 2 EVOLUTION EQUATIONS FOR NARROW-BANDED IRREGULAR WAVES ON DEEP WATER
      • 3 STABILITY OF STOKES WAVES
      • 4 NUMERICAL METHOD
      • 5 PRELIMINARY NUMERICAL RESULTS
      • 6 CONCLUSION
      • References
      • DISCUSSION
      • REFERENCES
      • DISCUSSION
      • REFERENCES
      • AUTHORS' REPLY
      • REFERENCE
    • Bluff Body Hydrodynamics
      • SUMMARY
      • INTRODUCTION
      • BLUFF BODIES IN A CURRENT
      • INFLUENCE OF A THREE-DIMENSIONAL DISTURBANCE
      • BLUFF BODIES IN OSCILLATORY FLOW
      • NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF OSCILLATORY FLOW PAST A CIRCULAR CYLINDER
      • THE RESPONSE OF FLEXIBLE CYLINDERS IN OSCILLATORY FLOW
      • CONCLUSIONS
      • ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
      • REFERENCES
    • Large-Eddy Simulation of the Vortical Motion Resulting from Flow over Bluff Bodies
      • ABSTRACT
      • INTRODUCTION
      • FORMULATION
      • DYNAMIC SUBGRID SCALE MODEL
      • RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
      • CONCLUDING REMARKS
      • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
      • REFERENCES
    • The Wake of a Bluff Body Moving Through Waves
      • ABSTRACT
      • 1 INTRODUCTION
      • 2 COMPUTATIONAL METHOD
      • 3 TWO-DIMENSIONAL VISCOUS FLOW COMPUTATIONS
      • 4 THREE-DIMENSIONAL ASPECTS
      • 5 CONCLUSIONS
      • 6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
      • 7 References
    • Low-Dimensional Modeling of Flow-Induced Vibrations via Proper Orthogonal Decomposition
      • 1 INTRODUCTION
      • 2 FORMULATION
        • 2.1 Governing Equations
        • 2.2 Numerical Method
        • 2.3 POD Analysis
      • 3 2-D DNS RESULTS
        • 3.1 2-D POD Eigenmodes
      • 4 3-D DNS RESULTS
        • 4.1 3-D POD Eigenmodes
      • 5 DISCUSSION
      • 6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
      • References
      • DISCUSSION
      • AUTHORS' REPLY
    • Measurements of Hydrodynamic Damping of Bluff Bodies with Application to the Prediction of Viscous Damping of TLP Hulls
      • SUMMARY
      • INTRODUCTION
      • EXPERIMENTAL ARRANGEMENT
      • EXPERIMENTAL METHOD
      • EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
      • CONCLUSIONS
      • ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
      • REFERENCES
    • Hydrodynamics in Advanced Sailing Design
      • ABSTRACT
      • 1 INTRODUCTION
      • 2 EVALUATION OF DESIGNS AND DESIGN IDEAS
        • 2.1 Fundamental Principles for a Velocity Prediction Program
        • 2.2 An Example of Use of A Velocity Prediction Program
      • 3 THE DESIGN PROCESS
      • 4 DECOMPOSITION OF THE FORCE COMPONENTS
        • 4.1 Hydrodynamic Resistance
        • 4.2 Aerodynamic Forces
      • 5 TOWING TANK TESTING
      • 6 INDIVIDUAL COMPONENTS OF RESISTANCE
        • 6.1 Hull Friction
        • 6.2 Computation of Viscous Drag on Appendages
        • 6.3 Residuary Resistance
          • 6.3.1 Numerical Methods
          • 6.3.2 Realities About the Resistance of Sailing Vessels
          • 6.3.3 The Future for Numerical Evaluation of Residuary Resistance in Support of Design
        • 6.4 Induced Drag of the Hull and its Appendages
        • 6.5 Added Resistance Due to Sea Waves
        • 6.6 Mean Forward Thrust Due to Unsteady Motions
      • 7 COMPUTATION OF LIFT AND INDUCED DRAG OF SAILS
      • References
      • ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
      • HYDRODYNAMICS IN ADVANCED SAILING VESSEL DESIGN
        • Errata
    • Divergent Bow Waves
      • ABSTRACT
      • 1. INTRODUCTION
      • 2. THE INADEQUACY OF RAY THEORY; THE SPLASH AS A HIGH SPEED INNER FLOW
      • 3. THE WEDGE FLOW
      • 4. THE 2D+T APPROXIMATION
      • 5. WAVE PATTERNS FOR THE WIGLEY LIKE HULLS
      • 6. THE NARROW DIVERGENT WAVE SPECTRUM
      • 7. THE STEEPNESS OF DIVERGENT WAVES; THE STOKES LIMITING WAVE
      • 8. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
      • ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
      • References
    • A Method for the Optimization of Ship Hulls from a Resistance Point of View
      • ABSTRACT
      • NOMENCLATURE
      • 1.0 INTRODUCTION
      • 2.0 THE ZONAL APPROACH
        • 2.1 The potential-flow method
        • 2.2 The Boundary layer method
        • 2.3 The Navier-Stokes method
        • 2.4 Computation of resistance
      • 3.0 THE OPTIMIZATION METHOD
      • 4.0 A SYSTEM FOR SHIP HULL OPTIMIZATION
      • 5.0 OPTIMIZATION OF THE SERIES 60 HULL
      • 6.0 EXPERIMENTS
      • 7.0 CONCLUSIONS
      • 8.0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
      • 9.0 References
      • DISCUSSION
      • AUTHORS' REPLY
      • DISCUSSION
      • AUTHORS' REPLY
      • DISCUSSION
      • AUTHORS' REPLY
      • DISCUSSION
      • AUTHORS' REPLY
    • Hydrodynamic Optimization of Fast-Displacement Catamarans
      • ABSTRACT
      • 1. INTRODUCTION
      • 2. DESIGN METHODOLOGY
      • 3. HYDRODYNAMIC MODULE
        • 3.1 Twin Hull Wave Resistance
        • 3.2 Twin Hull Seakeeping
      • 4. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS
      • 6. CONCLUSIONS
      • ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
      • REFERENCES
      • APPENDIX A: THE WAVE RESISTANCE OF ARBITRARILY SHAPED THIN CATAMARANS
      • APPENDIX B: THE WAVE RESISTANCE OF ARBITRARILY SHAPED CATAMARANS
      • References
      • DISCUSSION
      • AUTHORS' REPLY
      • DISCUSSION
      • AUTHORS' REPLY
    • On Ships at Supercritical Speeds
      • ABSTRACT
      • NOMENCLATURE
      • INTRODUCTION
      • RECAPITULATION OF PREVIOUS SOLUTIONS OF CHANNEL SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
      • REDUCTION TO KDV EQUATION
      • APPROXIMATE SOLUTION OF WEAK INTERACTION OF SOLITONS
      • SUPERCONDUCTIVE SHIP HULLFORM DERIVED FROM THE N-SOLITON INTERACTION SOLUTION
      • HEURISTIC IMPROVEMENT OF THE PRECISION OF SHALLOW-WATER WAVE MODELS
        • Approximate and Exact Dispersion Relations
        • Comparison of Dispersion Relations
        • Improvement of the extended KP equation
      • CONCLUDING REMARKS
      • ACKNOWLEDGMENT
      • REFERENCES
      • DISCUSSION
      • AUTHORS' REPLY
    • The Influence of a Bottom Mud Layer on the Steady-State Hydrodynamics of Marine Vehicles
      • ABSTRACT
      • 1 INTRODUCTION
        • 1.1 Previous Work
        • 1.2 Present Work
      • 2 DEVELOPMENT OF THE THEORY
        • 2.1 Basic Hydrodynamic Equations
        • 2.2 Boundary Conditions
        • 2.3 Solution for the Potential
        • 2.4 Hydrodynamic Forces
        • 2.5 Influence of the Tank Walls
        • 2.6 Classic Case of a Rigid Bed
      • 3 RESULTS
        • 3.1 Wave Functions
        • 3.2 Numerical Details
        • 3.3 Forces on a Vessel
        • 3.4 Sinkage and Trim
      • 4 CONCLUDING REMARKS
      • 5 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
      • 6 References
      • DISCUSSION
      • AUTHORS' REPLY
    • A Hybrid Approach to Capture Free-Surface and Viscous Effects for a Ship in a Channel
      • ABSTRACT
      • 1. INTRODUCTION
      • 2. COMPUTATIONAL PROCEDURE
      • 3. TEST CASE: SERIES-60
      • 4. RESISTANCE TEST SIMULATIONS
      • 5. PROPULSION TEST SIMULATIONS
      • 6. CONCLUSIONS
      • ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
      • References
      • DISCUSSION
      • AUTHORS' REPLY
    • Shock Waves in Cloud Cavitation
      • ABSTRACT
      • 1. NOMENCLATURE
      • 2. INTRODUCTION
      • 3. EXPERIMENTS
      • 4. PROCEDURE
      • 6. CAVITATION STRUCTURE
      • 7. IMPULSE MEASUREMENTS
      • 8. GLOBAL PULSE PROPAGATION
      • 9. THEORETICAL ANALYSES
      • 10. DYNAMICS OF A SPHERICAL CLOUD
      • 11. CAVITATION CLOUD COLLAPSE
      • 12. DISCUSSION
      • ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
      • REFERENCES
    • Asymptotic Solution of the Flow Problem and Estimate of Delay of Cavitation Inception for a Hydrofoil with a Jet Flap
      • ABSTRACT
      • 1. INTRODUCTION
      • 2. PROBLEM FORMULATION
      • 3. LOCAL FLOW PROBLEM IN THE VICINITY OF THE TRAILING EDGE WITH A JET FLAP
      • 4. SOLUTION OF THE EQUATION SYSTEM DESCRIBING THE LOCAL FLOW PROBLEM
      • 5. OUTER SOLUTION OF THE LEADING ORDER
      • 6. EVALUATION OF THE POSSIBILITY TO ENLARGE THE SPEED RANGE OF NON-CAVITATING REGIME OF THE FLOW PAS ...
      • 7. REFERENCES
    • Examination of the Flow Near the Leading Edge and Closure of Stable Attached Cavitation
      • References:
    • Numerical Investigation on the Turbulent and Vortical Flows Beneath the Free Surface Around Struts
      • ABSTRACT
      • 1 INTRODUCTION
      • 2 OBSERVATION OF BOW WAVE PATTERNS
      • 3 COMPUTATIONAL METHOD
        • 3.1 Governing equations
        • 3.2 Numerical algorithm
        • 3.3 Grid generation
      • 4 BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
        • 4.1 Free surface conditions
        • 4.2 Other boundary conditions
      • 5 NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF VORTICAL MOTIONS
        • 5.1 Computational conditions
        • 5.2 Vortical motions around bows
        • 5.3 Grid dependency
      • 6 LARGE EDDY SIMULATION OF SUB-BREAKING WAVES
        • 6.1 Computational conditions
        • 6.2 Results and discussions
      • 7 CONCLUDING REMARKS
      • References
      • DISCUSSION
      • REFERENCES
      • AUTHORS' COMMENTS
    • Steep and Breaking Faraday Waves
      • ABSTRACT
      • INTRODUCTION
        • Principle of wave dissipation measurement
      • NUMERICAL METHOD
      • EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS
        • Wave measurements
        • Force and dissipation measurements
      • STEEP STANDING WAVES
      • BREAKING STANDING WAVES
        • Gentle breaking
        • Three-mode breaking: spray and splash
        • Recurrent breaking and second harmonic
      • ENERGY AND DISSIPATION IN BREAKING STANDING WAVES
      • CONCLUDING REMARKS
      • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
      • References
      • DISCUSSION
      • AUTHORS' REPLY
    • The Forces Exerted by Internal Waves on a Restrained Body Submerged in a Stratified Fluid
      • ABSTRACT
      • 1. INTRODUCTION
      • 2. EXPERIMENTS
      • 3. THEORETICAL ANALYSIS
      • 4. CONCLUSIONS
      • ACKNOWLEDGMENT
      • REFERENCES
    • Influence of the Cavitation Nuclei on the Cavitation Bucket when Predicting the Full-Scale Behavior of a Marine Propeller
      • ABSTRACT
      • INTRODUCTION
      • PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
      • TEST FACILITIES AND INSTRUMENTATION
      • MEASUREMENTS
      • RESULTS
      • ANALYSIS
      • SYNTHESIS AND PERSPECTIVE
      • CONCLUSION
      • ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
      • REFERENCES
    • Inception, Development, and Noise of a Tip Vortex Cavitation
      • ABSTRACT
      • NOMENCLATURE
      • 1. INTRODUCTION
      • 2. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
        • 2.1 Flow parameters
        • 2.2 First configuration
        • 2.3 Second configuration
        • 2.4 Set up for measuring the size of cavitating vortex
        • 2.5 Acoustic apparatus
      • 3. VISUAL DATA AND CORRELATION
        • 3.1 Cavitation inception
        • 3.2 Correlation of the cavitation inception data
        • 3.3 Developed cavitation
      • 4. ACOUSTIC CHARACTERISTICS
        • 4.1 Global behaviour in subcavitating conditions
        • 4.2 Cavitation inception
        • 4.3 Developed cavitation
        • 4.4 Frequencies associated to the cavitating vortex core
        • 4.4 Morozov's model
      • 5. CONCLUSION
      • AKNOWLEDGEMENT
      • REFERENCES
      • DISCUSSION
      • AUTHORS' REPLY
    • Velocity and Turbulence in the Near-Field Region of Tip Vortices from Elliptical Wings: Its Impact on Cavitation
      • ABSTRACT
      • NOMENCLATURE
      • INTRODUCTION
      • BASIC EQUATIONS
      • EXPERIMENTAL
      • RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
        • Velocities
        • Velocity fluctuations
      • CONCLUSION
      • ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
      • REFERENCES
    • Calculations of Pressure Fluctuations on the Ship Hull Induced by Intermittently Cavitating Propellers
      • ABSTRACT
      • 1 INTRODUCTION
      • 2 REPRESENTATION OF THE SHIP HULL
        • 2.1 Governing Equation
        • 2.2 Boundary Condition
        • 2.3 Higher Order Panel Method
        • 2.4 Numerical Solutions
      • 3 SOLUTIONS OF THE INTERMITTENTLY CAVITATING PROPELLERS
        • 3.1 Calculation of the Effective Wake
        • 3.2 Numerical Solutions of Propellers
      • 4 PROPELLER GENERATED PRESSURE FLUCTUATIONS
      • 5 COMPUTATIONAL RESULTS
        • 5.1 Pressure Fluctuations on a Flat Plate Generated by Propellers
        • 5.2 Pressure Fluctuations on a Ship Hull Generated by Propellers
      • 6 CONCLUSIONS
      • ACKNOWLEDGMENT
      • References
      • APPENDIX
      • DISCUSSION
      • REFERENCES
      • AUTHORS' REPLY
      • REFERENCE
    • Hydroacoustic Considerations in Marine Propulsor Design
      • ABSTRACT
      • HISTORICAL REMINDERS
      • SOUND RADIATION FROM WATERBORNE VEHICLES
      • SOME CASE HISTORIES
      • HYDROACOUSTIC TEST FACILITIES
      • IN CONCLUSION
      • REFERENCES
    • Prediction of Unsteady Performance of Marine Propellers with Cavitation Using Surface-Panel Method
      • ABSTRACT
      • 1 INTRODUCTION
      • 2 STATEMENT OF BOUNDARY-VALUE PROBLEM
        • 2.1 Basic assumptions
        • 2.2 Coordinate systems
        • 2.3 Governing equation and boundary conditions
      • 3 INTEGRAL EQUATIONS
        • 3.1 Linearization of cavity location
        • 3.2 Fully wetted flow or partially cavitating flow
        • 3.3 Supercavitating flow
      • 4 NUMERICAL IMPLEMENTATION
        • 4.1 Discretization of propeller blades and wake
        • 4.2 Numerical procedure
        • 4.3 Unsteady DBC on cavity surface, SC
        • 4.4 Discretization of DBC on cavity surface, SC
        • 4.5 Influence of dipoles and sources on cavity surface, SC
        • 4.6 Numerical Kutta condition
        • 4.7 Influence of shed dipoles on trailing wake, SW
        • 4.8 Discretization of integral equation for partially cavitating flow
        • 4.9 Discretization of integral equation for supercavitating flow
        • 4.10 Cavity closure condition and representation of cavity shape
        • 4.11 Formation of simultaneous equations and solution procedure
      • 5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
        • 5.1 2-D cavitating hydrofoil in gust
        • 5.2 3-D rectangular hydrofoil
        • 5.3 Cavity prediction in steady propeller flow
        • 5.4 Unsteady cavitation on propeller in ship wake
        • 5.5 Unsteady cavitation on propeller in screen-generated wake
      • 6 CONCLUSIONS
      • References
      • DISCUSSION
      • AUTHORS' REPLY
    • A Comparative Study of Conventional and Tip-Fin Propeller Performance
      • ABSTRACT
      • INTRODUCTION
      • DESIGN METHOD
      • COMPARATIVE PROPELLER DESIGN
      • OPEN-WATER TESTS
      • SELF-PROPULSION TESTS
      • CAVITATION TESTS
      • CONCLUSION
      • ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
      • REFERENCES
      • DISCUSSION
      • AUTHORS' REPLY
    • A New Way of Simulating Whale Tail Propulsion
      • 1. INTRODUCTION
      • 2. HISTORY
      • 3. WORKING PRINCIPLE
        • Propulsion fundamentals
        • Working principle cycloidal propellers
      • 4. RELEVANT PARAMETERS
        • Wheel dimensions
        • Pitch or eccentricity
        • Blade area ratio
        • Blade angle rate
      • 5. ASSESSMENT OF PERFORMANCE POTENTIAL
        • Computational model CYCLOPS
        • Selected blade angle path
        • Analysis of Whale Tail Wheel applications
      • 6. FINAL REMARKS
        • Conclusions
        • Prospects
          • Improvement of performance prediction
          • Application in ship designs
      • REFERENCES
      • NOMENCLATURE
    • Effects of Tip-Clearance Flows
      • ABSTRACT
      • NOMENCLATURE
      • INTRODUCTION
      • NUMERICAL METHOD
        • Governing Equations and Turbulence Closure
        • Numerical Procedure
      • NUMERICAL RESULTS
        • Description of Geometries Studied
        • Tip-Gap Flow in the Cascade
        • Tip-Gap Flow In the HIREP Rotor
      • CONCLUSIONS
      • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
      • REFERENCES
    • Experiments in the Swirling Wake of a Self-Propelled Axisymmetric Body
      • ABSTRACT
      • INTRODUCTION
      • DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS
      • RESULTS
        • Streamwise Development
        • Momentum Balance
        • Approach to Similarity of the Mean Flow
        • Streamwise Development of Turbulence
        • Propeller-driven Flow versus Swirling-jet-driven Flow
      • CONCLUSIONS
      • References
    • Hydrodynamic Forces on a Surface-Piercing Plate in Steady Maneuvering Motion
      • ABSTRACT
      • NOMENCLATURE
      • 1. INTRODUCTION
      • 2. MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION
      • 3. NUMERICAL SOLUTION
      • 4. NUMERICAL RESULTS
      • 5. CONCLUSIONS
      • ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
      • REFERENCES
      • DISCUSSION
      • REFERENCES
      • AUTHOR'S REPLY
    • Advances in Panel Methods
      • ABSTRACT
      • 1. INTRODUCTION
      • 2. PATCH METHOD
        • 2.1 2-d Formulation
        • 2.2 3-d Formulation
        • 2.3 Test Cases
      • 3. CLUSTER AND MULTIGRID METHOD
        • 3.1 Clustering
        • 3.2 Multigrid Method
        • 3.3 Test Case
      • 4. NEW HIGHER-ORDER PANEL METHOD
      • References
      • DISCUSSION
      • AUTHOR'S REPLY
    • Effect of Ship Motion on DD-963 Ship Airwake Simulated by Multizone Navier-Stokes Solution
      • ABSTRACT
      • INTRODUCTION
      • SIMULATION METHOD
        • Grid Generation and Grid Topology
        • Flow Solver
        • Boundary Conditions
        • Wind Direction Coordinates
      • RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
        • Particle Trace
        • Velocity Distribution
        • Mean Velocities along Flight Path
      • CONCLUDING REMARKS
      • ACKNOWLEDGMENT
      • References
    • Large-Eddy Simulation of Decaying Free-Surface Turbulence with Dynamic Mixed Subgrid-Scale Models
      • ABSTRACT
      • 1 INTRODUCTION
      • 2 MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION AND NUMERICAL METHOD
      • 3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
        • 3.1 The decay process
        • 3.2 Subgrid scale energy transfer and model parameters
      • 4 CONCLUSIONS
      • References
      • DISCUSSION
      • AUTHORS' REPLY
      • DISCUSSION
      • AUTHORS' REPLY
    • Fully Nonlinear Hydrodynamic Calculations for Ship Design on Parallel Computing Platforms
      • 1 INTRODUCTION
      • 2 MATHEMATICAL MODELS
        • Free Surface Boundary Conditions
        • Hull and Farfield Boundary Conditions
      • 3 NUMERICAL SOLUTION
        • Bulk Flow Solution
          • Discretization of the Viscous Terms
        • Multigrid time-stepping
        • Free Surface Solution
          • Integration and Coupling with The Bulk Flow
      • 4 PARALLELIZATION STRATEGY
        • Single Block Parallel Implementation
        • Multiblock Parallel Implementation
      • CONCLUSION
      • ACKNOWLEDGMENT
      • REFERENCES
    • Validation of Incompressible Flow Computation of Forces and Moments on Axisymmetric Bodies Undergoing Constant Radius Turning
      • ABSTRACT
      • INTRODUCTION
      • NUMERICAL METHOD
        • Multiblock Multigrid Local Refinement Technique
        • Preconditioning Technique
        • Boundary Conditions
        • Turbulence Model
      • RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
        • Solution Convergence and Grid-Independent Solution
        • Solution Convergence
        • Grid-Independent Solution
        • Error Analysis
        • Computed Force and Moment on Axisymmetric Bodies at Incidence
        • Computed Force, Moment, and Flow Field on Axisymmetric Bodies Undergoing Steady Turns
      • CONCLUSIONS
      • ACKNOWLEDGMENT
      • REFERENCES
    • The Validation of CFD Predictions of Nominal Wake for the SUBOFF Fully Appended Geometry
      • INTRODUCTION
      • THE SUBOFF EXPERIMENTS
      • GRID GENERATION
      • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FLOW SOLUTION ALGORITHMS
      • MEASURES FOR VALIDATION
      • RESULTS FOR THE AFF-1- CONFIGURATION
      • RESULTS FOR THE AFF-8- CONFIGURATION
      • CONCLUSIONS
      • References
  • Twenty-First Symposium on NAVAL HYDRODYNAMICS Appendix—List of Participants

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