This book recommends the initiation of an "integrated" research program to study the role of aerosols in the predicted global climate change. Current understanding suggest that, even now, aerosols, primarily from anthropogenic sources, may be reducing the rate of warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions. In addition to specific research recommendations, this book forcefully argues for two kinds of research program integration: integration of the individual laboratory, field, and theoretical research activities and an integrated management structure that involves all of the concerned federal agencies.
- A PLAN FOR A RESEARCH PROGRAM ON Aerosol Radiative Forcing and Climate Change
- Copyright
- Foreword
- Contents
- Executive Summary
- CHARGE TO THE PANEL
- FINDINGS
- MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS
- TECHNICAL RECOMMENDATIONS
- SCIENCE DEVELOPMENT
- Global Climate Model Development
- Process Research
- Field Studies and Continuous In Situ Measurements
- Satellite Observations
- TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT
- Non-Satellite Technology Development
- Satellite Technology Development
- SYSTEM INTEGRATION AND ASSESSMENT
- 1 Climate Forcing by Aerosols
- ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS
- AEROSOL RADIATIVE FORCING OF CLIMATE
- EVIDENCE FOR RADIATIVE FORCING BY ANTHROPOGENIC AEROSOLS
- Direct Forcing
- Indirect Forcing
- EVIDENCE FOR CLIMATE RESPONSE TO ANTHROPOGENIC AEROSOL FORCING
- RADIATIVE FORCING OF CLIMATE BY STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOLS
- Evidence for Climate Response to Stratospheric Aerosol Perturbation
- Inferences from Stratospheric Aerosol Research
- CLIMATE FORCING BY KEY TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOL TYPES
- CONCLUSIONS
- 2 Elements of a Research Program for Aerosol Forcing of Climate
- GLOBAL CLIMATE MODELS
- Atmospheric General Circulation Models
- Atmospheric Chemical Transport Models
- Recommended Research on Global Climate Modeling of Aerosol Radiative Forcing
- PROCESS RESEARCH
- Optical Properties
- Recommended Process Research on Aerosol and Cloud Optical Properties
- Aerosol Dynamics
- Recommended Process Research on Aerosol Dynamics
- Aerosol Sinks
- Recommended Process Research on Aerosol Sinks
- Aerosols and Ice Formation in Clouds
- Recommended Process Research on Aerosols and Ice Formation in Clouds
- Aerosol Process Models
- Recommended Process Research on Aerosol Models
- FIELD STUDIES
- Closure Experiments
- Multiplatform Field Campaigns
- Recommended Field Studies
- SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS AND CONTINUOUS IN SITU MONITORING
- Satellite Remote Sensing of Aerosols
- In Situ Monitoring of Aerosols
- Recommended Surface-Based Monitoring Programs
- Mobile Platforms
- Recommended Mobile Monitoring Programs
- RECOMMENDED TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENTS
- SUMMARY OF A RESEARCH PROGRAM ON AEROSOL FORCING OF CLIMATE
- 3 Sensitivity/Uncertainty Analysis and the Setting of Priorities
- INTEGRATION VIA SENSITIVITY/UNCERTAINTY ANALYSES
- AN EXAMPLE OF SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS: DIRECT RADIATIVE FORCING
- FRAMEWORKS FOR RESEARCH AND FUNDING PRIORITIES
- AN EXAMPLE OF SENSITIVITY AND UNCERTAINTY ANALYSES
- SUMMARY
- 4 The Proposed ICARUS Program and Recommended Research
- THE ICARUS STRATEGY
- Action 1: Establish Leadership; Empower an Interagency Climate-Aerosol Radiative Uncertainties and S ...
- Action 2: Establish Research Priorities; Mobilize ICARUS by Developing Method to Define Research Priorities
- Action 3: Maintain Effective Leadership; Maintain ICARUS's Momentum by Applying Steadily Improving S ...
- ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE ICARUS PROGRAM
- RESEARCH PROGRAM
- Global Climate Model Development
- Project 1. Sensitivity and Uncertainty of Aerosol Forcing in Global Climate Models
- Project 2. Development of Global-Scale Aerosol Radiative Forcing Models
- Process Research
- Project 1. Aerosol Formation and Growth by Nucleation and Gas-to-Particle Conversion
- Project 2. Aerosol and Cloud Optical Properties
- Project 3. The Aerosol-CCN-CDNC-Cloud Albedo Linkage
- Project 4. Aerosol Sinks
- Multiplatform Field Campaigns
- Project 1. Multiplatform Field Campaign
- Project 2. Mobile Platforms
- Project 3. Surface-Based Stations for Continuous Monitoring of Aerosols
- Satellite System Development
- Recommended Satellite Observations
- Non-Satellite Technology Development
- Project 1. Development of Advanced Aerosol Optical Instrumentation
- Project 2. Development of a Compact CCN Spectrometer for Aircraft Use
- Project 3. Development of Rapid, Lightweight Samplers for In Situ Chemical Analysis of Atmospheric Aerosols
- Satellite Technology Development
- Project 1. Satellite Development
- System Integration and Assessment
- Project 1. Coordination
- Project 2. Integration and Assessment
- Project 3. Integration of U.S. Research on Aerosol Forcing of Climate
- References
- A Illustrations of Recommended Research, Emphasizing Recent Literature
- B Acronyms and Other Initials
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