Marshaling Technology for Development

Marshaling Technology for Development

Proceedings of a Symposium

  • Publisher: National Academies Press
  • ISBN: 9780309053495
  • eISBN Pdf: 9780309588638
  • eISBN Epub: 9780309176064
  • Place of publication:  United States
  • Year of digital publication: 1995
  • Month: October
  • Pages: 263
  • Language: English

Recent technological advances, particularly in microelectronics and telecommunications, biotechnology, and advanced materials, pose critical challenges and opportunities for developing countries, and for the development banks and other organizations that serve them. Those countries that fail to adapt to the transformations driven by new technologies in industry, agriculture, health, environment, energy, education, and other sectors may find it difficult to avoid falling behind. This book represents a joint effort by the World Bank and the National Research Council to survey the status and effect of technology change in key sectors and to recommend action by the development organizations, government, private sector and the scientific and technological community.

  • Marshaling Technology for Development
  • Copyright
  • Preface
    • OBJECTIVES AND ORGANIZATION OF THE SYMPOSIUM
    • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
  • Contents
  • Marshaling Technology for Development
  • INTRODUCTION
    • The Science of Sustainable Development
      • SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: AN INSTITUTIONAL PRIORITY
      • THE POWER AND PRODUCTIVITY OF SCIENCE
      • CONDITIONS FOR THE APPLICATION OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY TO DEVELOPMENT
      • SUMMARY
    • Forces Reshaping the World Economy
      • TECHNOLOGY REVOLUTION
      • ECONOMIC REVOLUTION
      • A GOLDEN AGE?
      • THE CHALLENGES FACING DEVELOPING COUNTRIES AND THE DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY
      • HOW CAN TECHNOLOGY HELP?
      • OBJECTIVES OF THIS SYMPOSIUM
      • NOTE
  • PROCEEDINGS
    • CHAPTER 1—The Globalization of Knowledge and Technology
      • PATHWAYS TO TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
        • Information and Communications
        • Biotechnology
        • Materials
      • TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE AND THE GLOBAL ECONOMY
    • CHAPTER 2—Marshaling Technology for Development: Assessing the Challenge
      • CONDITIONS FOR CHANGE
      • CONNECTIVITY
      • THE NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF TECHNOLOGY
    • CHAPTER 3—Opportunities and Strategies by Sector
      • AGRICULTURE
      • MANUFACTURING AND SERVICES
        • Manufacturing
        • Services
      • THE ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY
      • HEALTH
      • EDUCATION
    • CHAPTER 4—Rising to the Challenge: Priorities for the Developing Countries and the International...
      • FOOD SUPPLY
      • PRODUCTIVITY AND COMPETITIVENESS
      • ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES
      • RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
      • INSTITUTIONAL ROLES
        • Governments
        • Private Sector
        • Scientific and Research Community
        • Development Community
  • INVITED PAPERS
    • The Global Generation, Transmission, and Diffusion of Knowledge: How Can the Developing Countries Benefit
      • THE GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, AND DIFFUSION OF KNOWLEDGE
        • The World Knowledge Infrastructure
        • How Does the Knowledge Infrastructure Actually Work?
        • The Need for a Global Knowledge Strategy
      • THE IMPORTANCE OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION TO THE WORLD ECONOMY
      • HOW DOES TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE HAPPEN?
      • THE COMMERCIALIZATION AND GLOBALIZATION OF INNOVATION
      • POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION ON DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
      • FORECASTING AND ASSESSMENT IN INVESTMENT DECISIONS
      • WHAT ARE THE FUTURE COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES FOR TODAY'S LABOR-SURPLUS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES?
      • CONCLUSIONS
      • NOTES
    • What We Know and Do Not Know about Technology Transfer: Linking Knowledge to Action
      • THE BASICS OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
      • TYPOLOGIES OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
      • TECHNOLOGY TRAJECTORIES AND LIFE CYCLES
      • MODELS OF INNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER WITHIN FIRMS
      • NOTES
    • Technological Trends and Applications in Biotechnology
      • GENETIC ENGINEERING: A NEW WORLD
      • MARKET SEGMENTS AND RESEARCH AREAS
        • Biomedical
        • Agriculture
        • Marine Biotechnology
        • Animal Husbandry
        • Single-Cell Protein
        • Environmental Biotechnology
        • Silviculture and the Role of Forests
        • Nonagricultural Marine Biotechnology
        • Energy Production
        • Other Areas
        • Safety and Public Acceptance of Genetically Engineered Products
      • BIOTECHNOLOGY'S POTENTIAL IMPACT ON DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
      • PROBLEMS IN ADOPTING THE NEW BIOTECHNOLOGIES
        • Lack of Capital
        • Property Rights and Biological Prospecting
        • Safety and Ethical Issues
        • Other Obstacles
        • What Technologies Will Work in Developing Countries?
      • CONCLUSION
      • ACKNOWLEDGMENT
      • NOTES
    • Materials and Critical Technologies
      • THE FACTORS DRIVING TECHNOLOGY
        • Health Care Industry
        • Computer/Communications Industry
        • Transport Industry
      • CRITICAL TECHNOLOGIES
      • INSTITUTIONAL EVOLUTION
      • NOTES
    • Information Technology for Development
      • THE FORCES DRIVING THE MULTIMEDIA REVOLUTION AND THE EVOLUTION OF THE INFORMATION SUPERHIGHWAY
      • THE MULTIMEDIA REVOLUTION
      • AT&T'S VISION OF THE INFORMATION SUPERHIGHWAY
      • THE IMPACTS OF TECHNOLOGY TRENDS ON DEVELOPING NATIONS
      • NOTES
    • Broadened Agricultural Development: Pathways toward the Greening of Revolution
      • THE BROADENING (AND GREENING) OF THE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT PARADIGM
      • TECHNOLOGICAL BREAKTHROUGHS
      • RAPIDLY EVOLVING AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIES
      • SOLUTIONS TO KEY PRODUCTION PROBLEMS
      • PATHWAYS OF CHANGE FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRY SYSTEMS
      • CONCLUSION
      • NOTES
    • Lessons from the Evolution of Electronics Manufacturing Technologies
      • FORCES AFFECTING ELECTRONICS MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
      • TRENDS IN MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
        • People
        • Manufacturing Assembly
        • Design Interfaces
        • Supplier Interfaces
      • SUMMARY
      • NOTES
    • Innovations in Energy Technology
      • AN OVERVIEW
      • ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES
        • Coal-based Technologies
        • Fuel Cells
        • Renewable Technologies
      • MODULARITY AND DISPERSED GENERATION
      • DELIVERY OF POWER
      • CONCLUSION
    • Educational Technology for Developing Countries
      • MATCHING EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY AND CONTENT TO SPECIFIC ECONOMIC GOALS
      • RECENT TRENDS IN ESTABLISHED TECHNOLOGY
      • TWO EXAMPLES OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
        • Interactive Radio Instruction
        • Intelligent Coaching of Oral Reading
      • WHAT MAKES LEARNING HAPPEN?
        • The Beehive Model
        • The Smart Worker Model
      • SPECIAL NEEDS FOR WORKER AND INSTRUCTOR TRAINING IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
        • Technical Training before Entering the Work Force
        • Training for New Tasks
        • A Technologically Literate and Innovation-Receptive Population
      • REQUIREMENTS FOR SCHOOLING IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
        • Adapting to Local Language and Conceptual Structure
        • Concreteness
        • Developing a Teacher/Instructor Training Infrastructure
        • Assessment
        • Focusing on Areas of Greatest Need
      • EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES WITH POTENTIAL FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
        • Combinations of Desktop Publishing and Printing Technologies
        • CD-ROM-Based Multimedia
        • Distributed Information Network Schemes
        • Affordable Basic Artificial Intelligence Tools
      • DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY FOR EDUCATION AND TRAINING
      • NOTES
    • Technological Innovation and Services
      • EMBODIED SERVICES
      • TRANSBORDER SERVICES: DATA EXPORTING
      • TRANSBORDER SERVICES: INFORMATION IMPORTING
      • CONCLUSION
      • NOTES
    • Health Technology and Developing Countries: Dilemmas and Applications
      • CHARACTERISTICS AND TRENDS IN HEALTH AND MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY
        • Technology and Fundamental Research
        • The Health Technologies Market and Its Implications
        • Technological Disappointments and the Dilemma of "Social Products"
      • HEALTH CARE AND TECHNOLOGY
        • Strategy Shifts: The Expansion of Outpatient Approaches
        • Information
        • Behavioral Research and Nontechnological Challenges
        • The Genetic Revolution in Health and Its Implications
      • TECHNOLOGY NEEDS OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
        • New Reproductive Health Technologies
        • Micronutrient Research and Technology Development
        • Vaccine Development
        • Expanded Primary Health Care
        • Chronic Diseases
        • Microbial Threats
        • HIV Infection
      • INTEGRATED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CENTERS
      • NOTES
    • Sustainable Development: Mirage or Achievable Goal?
      • DEFINING THE PROBLEMS
      • PROSPECTS FOR THE FUTURE
      • NOTES
  • APPENDIX
    • SYMPOSIUM PARTICIPANTS

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