This book provides a brief overview of worldwide terrorist activity and reviews technologies and methods for designing blast resistant buildings. These techniques, primarily developed by the military, have applicability and relevance to the design of civilian structures. The volume recommends that a program of applied research and technology transfer be undertaken to hasten the availability and utility of these techniques to the civilian building community.
- Protecting Buildings From Bomb Damage
- Copyright
- Contents
- Terms Used in This Report
- Executive Summary
- 1 Introduction
- SCOPE OF THE STUDY
- ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT
- 2 Terrorism: Its Motives, Methods, and Immediate Results
- MOTIVES FOR TERRORIST ATTACKS
- PATTERNS OF TERRORIST ATTACKS
- BOMB DAMAGE TO BUILDINGS AND OCCUPANTS
- Structural Damage
- Jewish Community Center, Buenos Aires
- St. Mary Axe, London
- Staples Corner, North London
- World Trade Center, New York City
- Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building, Oklahoma City
- Damage to Building Subsystems
- Hazards to People
- REFERENCES
- 3 Review of Existing Knowledge for Blast-Effects Mitigation and Protective Design Technologies
- INTRODUCTION
- Historical Background
- Nature of Explosions
- Induced Physical Behavior
- EXPERIMENTAL AND SIMPLE ANALYTICAL APPROACHES
- TECHNICAL DESIGN MANUALS
- COMPUTATIONAL TECHNIQUES
- First-Principle and Semi-Empirical Methods
- Linear and Nonlinear Problems
- Finite-Element and Finite-Difference Methods
- Ease of Use of Programs
- Other Applications of Numerical Simulation Techniques
- COMPUTER PROGRAMS FOR BLAST AND SHOCK EFFECTS
- CODE VALIDATION
- APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS TO TERRORIST THREATS
- SUMMARY OBSERVATIONS
- REFERENCES
- 4 Blast-Effects Mitigation Potential for Commercial Buildings
- ASSESSING THREATS TO CIVILIAN BUILDINGS
- ARCHITECTURAL PLANNING PROCESS
- SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR HARDENING EXISTING BUILDINGS
- VULNERABILITIES OF CIVILIAN STRUCTURES
- VULNERABILITIES OF NONSTRUCTURAL BUILDING SYSTEMS
- BELOW-GRADE VULNERABILITIES IN CIVILIAN BUILDINGS
- PROTECTING NONSTRUCTURAL SYSTEMS
- STACK EFFECT IN HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS
- ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS
- AGENTS FOR TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
- REFERENCES
- 5 Findings and Recommendations
- Appendixs
- Appendix A Financial Performance of a Commercial Office Building
- Appendix B Computer Code Abstracts Provided by Code Developers
- ALE3D
- ALEGRA
- BLASTX
- CTH (SHOCK PHYSICS)
- DYNA3D
- EPSA-II
- FLEX (FINITE-ELEMENT)
- FEFLO
- FOIL
- FUSE
- HULL
- MAZE (MULTIPHASE ADAPTIVE ZONING)
- SHARC
- Appendix C Committee Briefings
- Appendix D Biographical Sketches of Committee Members
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