Dental Education at the Crossroads

Dental Education at the Crossroads

Challenges and Change

  • Author: Field, Marilyn J.
  • Publisher: National Academies Press
  • ISBN: 9780309051958
  • eISBN Pdf: 9780309587730
  • eISBN Epub: 9780309176392
  • Place of publication:  United States
  • Year of digital publication: 1995
  • Month: January
  • Pages: 366
  • DDC: 614
  • Language: English

Six dental schools have closed in the last decade and others are in jeopardy. Facing this uncertainty about the status of dental education and the continued tension between educators and practitioners, leaders in the profession have recognized the need for purpose and direction.

This comprehensive volume—the first to cover the education, research, and patient care missions of dental schools—offers specific recommendations on oral health assessment, access to dental care, dental school curricula, financing for education, research priorities, examinations and licensing, workforce planning, and other key areas.

Well organized and accessible, the book:

  • Recaps the evolution of dental practice and education.
  • Reviews key indicators of oral health status, outlines oral health goals, and discusses implications for education.
  • Addresses major curriculum concerns.
  • Examines health services that dental schools provide to patients and communities.
  • Looks at faculty and student involvement in research.
  • Explores the relationship of dental education to the university, the dental profession, and society at large.

Accreditation, the dental workforce, and other critical policy issues are highlighted as well.

Of greatest interest to deans, faculty, administrators, and students at dental schools, as well as to academic health centers and universities, this book also will be informative for health policymakers, dental professionals, and dental researchers.

  • Dental Education at the Crossroads
  • Copyright
  • Preface
    • CHARGE TO THE COMMITTEE
    • COMMITTEE APPROACH
  • Acknowledgments
  • Contents
  • Dental Education at the Crossroads
  • Summary
    • ENVISIONING THE FUTURE
    • FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
      • Oral Health Status and Services
      • The Mission of Education
      • The Mission Of Research
      • The Mission of Patient Care
      • The Dental School in The University
      • Accreditation and Licensure
      • The Dental Work Force
  • 1 Background and Introduction
    • DENTAL EDUCATION IN CONTEXT
      • The Broader Environment
      • Challenges for Dental Education
    • ENVISIONING THE FUTURE
      • Principles
      • Prospects
    • MISSIONS OF DENTAL EDUCATION AND ORGANIZATION OF REPORT
    • SUMMARY
    • APPENDIX 1.A INFORMATION COLLECTION ACTIVITIES OF THE COMMITTEE ON THE FUTURE OF DENTAL EDUCATION
  • 2 Evolution of Dental Education
    • ORIGINS OF DENTAL INSTRUCTION
    • FORMAL EDUCATION: EARLY DEVELOPMENTS
      • A Slow Start
      • Proprietary Schools: Advance and Retreat
      • Dental Hygiene Education
    • EDUCATION REFORM
      • The Flexner Report
      • The Gies Report
      • Impact of the Flexner and Gies Reports
      • Subsequent Studies of Dental Education
    • THE STRUGGLES OVER EDUCATIONAL STANDARD SETTING
    • BUILDING A RESEARCH BASE IN THE UNIVERSITY
      • Before 1948
      • Since 1948
    • HEALTH STATUS AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL RESEARCH
    • OTHER CONTROVERSIES
      • Clinic Services
      • Dental School Enrollments
    • SUMMARY
  • 3 Oral Health Objectives and Dental Education
    • DATA SOURCES
    • ORAL HEALTH STATUS
      • Improved Health Status
      • Continued Prevalence of Oral, Health Problems
      • Disparities in Oral Health Status
      • Utilization And Coverage of Dental Services
    • PROSPECTS FOR THE FUTURE
      • Expanded Application and Refinement of Existing Interventions
        • Fluoridation of Community Water Supplies
        • Sealants
        • Oral Hygiene and Personal Responsibility
        • Biomaterials
      • Scientific and Technological Breakthroughs
        • Medical Management
        • CAD/CAM Technology
        • Caries and Periodontal Vaccines
      • Outcomes Research and Guidelines for Practice
      • Improved Access to Calve
    • RECOMMENDATIONS OF OTHER GROUPS
      • Oral Health Status and Services
      • Practice Guidelines
    • COMMITTEE FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
    • SUMMARY
    • APPENDIX 3.A A OBJECTIVES FOR ORAL HEALTH FROM HEALTHY PEOPLE 2000
    • APPENDIX 3.B EXCERPT FROM U.S. PREVENTIVE SERVICES TASK FORCE GUIDELINES FOR COUNSELING TO PREVENT DENTAL DISEASE
    • APPENDIX 3.C EXCERPT FROM 1980 IOM REPORT ON PRIORITIES FOR DENTAL COVERAGE UNDER NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE
    • APPENDIX 3.D DESIRABLE ATTRIBUTES OF CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES (IOM)
  • 4 The Mission of Education
    • CURRICULUM IN CONTEXT
      • Seventy Years of Curriculum Critiques
    • BACKGROUND DATA
      • Variations in Program Length and Density
      • Variations in Instructional Allocations
      • Accreditation Standards and Curriculum Guidelines
    • ISSUES AND CONTROVERSIES
      • Integrating the Basic and Clinical Sciences
        • Curriculum Structure
        • Modes of Education
      • Current Concepts and Practice
      • Comprehensive Patient Care
      • Educational Inefficiencies
      • Rebalancing an Overcrowded Curriculum
      • Dentistry and Medicine
    • ADVANCED EDUCATION
      • Advanced Education in General Dentistry
        • History and Development
        • Issues and Controversies
      • Advanced Specialty Education
    • CONTINUING EDUCATION
      • Options for Continuing Education
      • Accreditation and Evaluation
      • Requirements for Continuing Education
    • FACULTY
      • Statistical Profile
      • Issues
        • Faculty Development
        • Faculty as Role Models
        • Compensation
        • Tenure
    • STUDENTS
      • Statistical Profile
      • Quality of Applicants and Graduates
      • Tuition and Debt Load
      • Quality of Student Life
    • FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
    • SUMMARY
  • 5 The Mission of Research
    • BROAD GOALS FOR RESEARCH IN THE DENTAL SCHOOL
    • RESEARCH REVENUES, EXPENDITURES, AND PUBLICATIONS
    • FOCUS OF RESEARCH AND RESEARCH TRAINING
    • THE RESEARCH WORK FORCE
    • EXPANDING RESEARCH CAPACITY AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS
      • Funding
      • Human Resources
        • Creating Dentist Scientists
        • Faculty Development Programs
      • Other Issues
      • Extending Research Opportunities
    • RESEARCH AND THE MISSION OF EDUCATION
    • FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
    • SUMMARY
  • 6 The Mission of Patient Care
    • CONTEXT
      • Who Provides Patient Care in Dental Schools?
      • Where Is Care Provided?
      • How Is Care Organized?
      • Who Pays for Cars in Student Clinics?
      • Statistical Profile of Patient Care in Dental Schools
        • Aggregate Data
        • Variations Across Schools
    • ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
      • Efficiency of Care
      • Quality of Care
      • Accountability And Informed Consent
      • Competition
      • Community Service
    • RETHINKING THE MISSION OF PATIENT CARE
      • General Precepts
        • Starting Points
        • Strategic Planning
        • Quality Assurance and Improvement
        • Faculty Accountability
        • Administrative Efficiency and Information
        • Accreditation
        • Integration With the Academic Health Center
    • FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
    • SUMMARY
  • 7 Dental Schools and the University
    • THE UNIVERSITY IN A CHANGING WORLD
    • SCHOOLS AT RISK
    • FINANCING DENTAL EDUCATION
      • Basic Data
      • Issues and Strategies
      • Options
        • Information Base and Cost Analyses
        • Faculty Practice Plans
        • Student Clinics
        • Curriculum Changes
        • Tuition
        • Sponsored Research
        • Contributions and Gifts
        • Consolidation
      • University and State Policies and Priorities
      • Public and Private Schools
    • STRENGTHENING THE DENTAL SCHOOL WITHIN THE UNIVERSITY
      • Leadership and The Challenge or Change
      • Service To The University
    • FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
    • SUMMARY
  • 8 Dental Schools, the Profession, and the Public
    • ACCREDITATION
      • Structure and Process
        • Organizations
        • Process
      • Accreditation Decisions
      • Issues and Debates
        • Effectiveness and Quality
        • Cost and Benefit
        • Innovation and Flexibility
        • Governance and Representation
    • LICENSURE
      • Structure and Process
        • General Licensure
        • Specialty Licensure
      • Issues and Debates
        • Evidence of Competency
        • Locus of Responsibility
        • Live Patient Examination
        • Educational Process
        • Continued Competency
        • Dentist Mobility and Access to Care
        • Issues in the Licensure of Dental Hygienists
      • Options
    • FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
      • Accreditation
      • Licensure
    • SUMMARY
  • 9 A Dental Work Force for the Future
    • WORK FORCE TRENDS AND PROJECTIONS
      • Dentists
        • Numbers and Projections
        • Regional Variations and Shortage Areas
        • Composition of Work Force
        • Work Force Requirements
      • Allied Dental Personnel
    • FORECASTING MODELS AND THEIR LIMITATIONS
      • Supply Estimates
      • Demand and Need Estimates
    • PLANNING FOR UNCERTAINTY
      • Three Possible Futures
        • Prospects for an Oversupply of Dentists
        • Prospects for an Undersupply of Dentists
        • Prospects for Supply in Balance with Requirements
    • WORK FORCE DISTRIBUTION AND COMPOSITION
      • Geographic Distribution of Personnel and Services
      • Representativeness of the Work Force
    • FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
    • SUMMARY
  • 10 Summary and Conclusions
    • TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS
    • STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES
    • DIRECTIONS FOR THE FUTURE
      • Oral Health Status and Services
      • The Mission of Education
      • The Mission of Research
      • The Mission of Patient Care
      • The Dental School in the University
      • Accreditation and Licensure
      • Dental Work Force
    • FROM RECOMMENDATIONS TO ACTION
  • References
  • Appendix A Committee on the Future of Dental Education Liaison Panels
    • STATE AND REGIONAL PANELS
    • COMMITTEE ON THE FUTURE OF DENTAL EDUCATION SPECIALTY PANEL
    • COMMITTEE ON THE FUTURE OF DENTAL EDUCATION FACULTY PANEL
  • Appendix B Institute of Medicine Committee on the Future of Dental Education Public Hearing September 26-27, 1993
  • Appendix C Commissioned Papers and Authors
  • Appendix D Committee Biographies
  • Index

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