This book brings to light trends in the support of life scientists beginning their professional careers. In 1985, 3,040 scientists under the age of 36 applied for individual investigator (R01) grants from the National Institutes of Health, and 1,002 received awards, for a "success rate" of 33%. In 1993, 1,389 scientists under the age of 36 applied for R01 grants and 302 received awards, for a success rate of 21.7%. Even when R23/R29 grant awards (both intended for new investigators) are added to the R01 awards, the number of R01 plus R23 awards made in 1985 was 1,308, and in 1993, the number of R01 plus R29 was 527. These recent trends in the funding of young biomedical research scientists, and the fact that young nonbiomedical scientists historically have had a smaller base of support to draw upon when beginning their careers, raises serious questions about the future of life science research. It is the purpose of this volume to present data about the trends and examine their implications.
- THE FUNDING OF YOUNG INVESTIGATORS IN THE BIOLOGICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES
- Copyright
- Contents
- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
- INTRODUCTION
- PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF THIS STUDY
- YOUNG INVESTIGATORS AND THE SCIENTIFIC "PIPELINE"
- YOUNG INVESTIGATORS: FINDING RESOURCES FOR AN INDEPENDENT RESEARCH CAREER
- GENERAL CONCLUSIONS
- PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SUPPORT FOR YOUNG INVESTIGATORS
- DIFFERENCES IN FUNDING FOR BIOLOGICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE
- RECOMMENDATIONS
- FEDERAL EXTRAMURAL FUNDING OF NEWLY INDEPENDENT INVESTIGATORS IN THE LIFE SCIENCES
- National Institutes of Health
- National Science Foundation
- Locally Administered Funds
- U.S. Department of Agriculture
- NONFEDERAL FUNDING OF NEWLY INDEPENDENT INVESTIGATORS IN THE LIFESCIENCES
- Industrial Funding
- Philanthropic Funding
- Voluntary Health Organization Funding
- University Support
- SUPPORT FOR NEWLY INDEPENDENT FEMALE INVESTIGATORS AND UNDERREPRESENTED MINORITY GROUPS IN THE LIFE SCIENCES
- 1 INTRODUCTION: NEWLY INDEPENDENT INVESTIGATORS IN THE LIFE SCIENCES
- 2 EXTRAMURAL FUNDING OF NEWLY INDEPENDENT INVESTIGATORS IN BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH
- OVERVIEW OF FEDERAL SUPPORT OF LIFE-SCIENCE RESEARCH
- FEDERAL FUNDING OF BASIC BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH
- GRANTING VEHICLES
- FUNDING ENVIRONMENT
- NONFEDERAL FUNDING AND MECHANISMS OF SUPPORT OF LIFE-SCIENCE RESEARCH
- INDUSTRY
- PHILANTHROPY
- Young Investigator Programs
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- VOLUNTARY HEALTH ORGANIZATIONS
- ACADEMIC AND RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS
- 3 EXTRAMURAL FUNDING OF NEWLY INDEPENDENT INVESTIGATORS IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE
- OVERVIEW OF FUNDING OF THE BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
- FEDERAL FUNDING OF BASIC BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH
- U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
- Cooperative State Research Service
- National Research Initiative
- Formula-Funding System
- NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION
- Granting Vehicles at Nsf
- Young Investigator Awards
- OTHER AGENCIES
- Department of Energy
- Department of Defense
- Department of Commerce: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- Department of the Interior
- NONFEDERAL FUNDING OF BASIC BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH
- INDUSTRY
- PHILANTHROPY
- ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS
- 4 THE FUTURE SUPPLY OF NEWLY INDEPENDENT LIFE SCIENTISTS
- OVERVIEW
- CURRENT SUPPLY OF SCIENTISTS
- UNDERREPRESENTED MINORITY GROUPS
- 5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
- GENERAL CONCLUSIONS
- A MODEL FOR GRANTS TO NEWLY INDEPENDENT INVESTIGATORS
- MONITORING THE NUMBERS OF SCIENTISTS
- RECOMMENDATIONS ON FEDERAL EXTRAMURAL FUNDING OF NEWLY INDEPENDENT INVESTIGATORS IN THE LIFE SCIENCES
- NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH
- The First Independent Research Support and Transition (FIRST) Award
- Locally Administered Funds
- DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
- NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION
- RECOMMENDATIONS ON NONFEDERAL FUNDING OF NEWLY INDEPENDENT INVESTIGATORS IN THE LIFE SCIENCES
- INDUSTRIAL FUNDING
- PHILANTHROPIC FUNDING
- VOLUNTARY HEALTH ORGANIZATION FUNDING
- UNIVERSITY SUPPORT
- RECOMMENDATIONS ON SUPPORT FOR FEMALE NEWLY INDEPENDENT INVESTIGATORS IN THE LIFE SCIENCES
- RECOMMENDATIONS ON SUPPORT FOR UNDERREPRESENTED MINORITY GROUPS IN THE LIFE SCIENCES
- APPENDIX: ADDITIONAL DATA
- LITERATURE CITED
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