This volume contains commissioned reviews of research on biological influences on violent or aggressive behavior. The areas reviewed include genetic contributions to the probability of violent and related behaviors; brain structure and functioning as implicated in aggressive behavior; the roles of hormonal and neurological interactions in violent behavior; the neurochemistry of violence and aggression and its implications for the management of those behaviors; and dietary influences on violent behavior.
- Understanding and Preventing Violence
- Copyright
- Contents
- Foreword
- An Overview of Biological Influences on Violent Behavior
- GENETIC MECHANISMS
- STUDIES OF HUMANS
- STUDIES OF ANIMALS
- NEUROCHEMICAL MECHANISMS
- ENDOCRINE MECHANISMS AND VIOLENT BEHAVIOR
- NEUROTRANSMITTERS AND RECEPTORS
- Dopamine
- Norepinephrine
- Serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine)
- Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid—Benzodiazepine Receptors
- BRAIN MECHANISMS AND VIOLENT BEHAVIOR
- NEUROANATOMIC APPROACH
- NEUROPSYCHOLOGIC APPROACH
- PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGIC APPROACH
- NEUROIMAGING APPROACH
- HYPOGLYCEMIA, DIET, AND VIOLENT BEHAVIOR
- REFERENCES
- Genetics and Violence
- ANIMAL STUDIES
- HUMAN BEHAVIORAL GENETIC STUDIES
- INTRODUCTION
- MENDELIAN DISORDERS
- CHROMOSOMAL ANOMALIES
- GENETICS AND PERSONALITY TRAITS
- Juvenile Antisocial Behavior
- ADULT ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR
- NORWEGIAN TWIN STUDY
- Danish Twin Study
- Danish Adoption Studies
- Swedish Adoption Study
- Iowa Adoption Studies: Crowe
- Iowa Adoption Studies: Cadoret
- VIOLENCE AND HUMAN GENETICS
- Summary and Critical Overview of the Results
- PROSPECTS FOR FUTURE HUMAN GENETIC RESEARCH
- SOCIOBIOLOGY, EVOLUTIONARY THEORY, AND VIOLENCE
- GENETICS, RACE, AND VIOLENCE
- REFERENCES
- The Neurobiology of Violence and Aggression
- ANIMAL MODELS OF AGGRESSION
- FELINE MODELS OF AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR ELICITED BY BRAIN STIMULATION
- ORGANIZATION AND CONTROL OF AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR IN THE CAT
- THE ANATOMY OF AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR
- PREDATORY ATTACK
- Afferent Connections
- Efferent Connections
- AFFECTIVE DEFENSE BEHAVIOR
- Afferent Connections
- Efferent Connections
- LIMBIC-MIDBRAIN MODULATION OF AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR IN THE CAT
- NEUROPHARMACOLOGY OF AGGRESSION: THE OPIOID PEPTIDE SYSTEM
- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS BASED ON DATA FROM STUDY OF FELINE MODELS OF AGGRESSION
- HUMAN STUDIES OF AGGRESSION AND VIOLENCE
- INTRODUCTORY AND DEFINITIONAL STATEMENTS
- Adaptive Versus Maladaptive Violence and Aggression: Animal and Human Models
- Measuring the Dependent Variable
- VIOLENCE IN PERSONS WITH NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS
- Schizophrenia
- Alcoholism
- Epilepsy
- Aggression as an Epileptic Equivalent
- Violence as the Independent Variable—Is There a Brain Disorder in Such Patients?
- Violent Offenders—Nonsex Crimes
- Violent Offenders—Sex Crimes
- TREATMENT OF VIOLENCE
- Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) and Pharmacotherapy
- Psychosurgical Treatment of Violent Offenders
- Treatment of Violence—A Commentary
- SOCIAL CLASS, AGE, AND GENDER RELATED TO VIOLENCE
- PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGIC STUDIES RELATED TO VIOLENCE
- DEVELOPMENTAL RESEARCH RELATED TO VIOLENCE
- Neurodevelopmental Issues
- Possible Etiological Variables
- Some Areas Not Addressed—Some Roads Not Traveled
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- REFERENCES
- Hormonal Aspects of Aggression and Violence
- AGGRESSION AND VIOLENCE
- TERMINOLOGIES OF AGGRESSION
- Potential for Harm or Damage
- Intentionality
- Arousal
- Aversiveness
- AGGRESSION AS A CONCEPT
- Aggression and Communication
- Utilities of Aggression
- Different Tests for Animal Aggression
- HETEROGENEOUS NATURE OF HUMAN AGGRESSION AND VIOLENCE
- HORMONES AND AGGRESSION
- NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
- DEFINING "HORMONE"
- STUDIES INVOLVING HORMONES AND "AGGRESSION"
- EARLY PROGRAMMING EFFECTS OF HORMONES
- STUDIES ON NONPRIMATES
- INFRAHUMAN PRIMATE STUDIES
- HUMAN DATA
- HORMONES AND PUBERTY
- STUDIES ON NONPRIMATES
- INFRAHUMAN PRIMATE STUDIES
- HUMAN DATA
- INFLUENCES OF SEX HORMONES ON ADULT AGGRESSIVE MOTIVATION
- STUDIES ON NONPRIMATES
- INFRAHUMAN PRIMATE STUDIES
- HUMAN DATA
- BODILY RHYTHMS AND VIOLENT BEHAVIOR
- ADRENOMEDULLARY FUNCTION AND HUMAN AGGRESSION
- "INDIRECT" EFFECTS ON AGGRESSION AND HOSTILITY
- EFFECTS OF HORMONES ON PERCEPTION
- EFFECTS OF HORMONES ON SIGNAL GENERATION
- EXPERIENCE-INDUCED CHANGES IN HORMONAL STATUS OF THE RECEIVER
- HORMONE-AGGRESSION CORRELATIONS IN MAMMALS
- INFLUENCES OF FIGHTING ON ENDOCRINE FUNCTION IN MAMMALS
- HORMONES, ALCOHOL, AND VIOLENCE
- CONCLUSION
- REFERENCES
- Neurochemistry and Pharmacotherapeutic Management of Aggression and Violence
- NEUROSCIENCE PERSPECTIVE
- TYPES OF AGGRESSIVE AND VIOLENT BEHAVIOR
- NEUROCHEMISTRY AND NEUROPHARMACOLOGY OF AGGRESSION AND VIOLENCE
- CATECHOLAMINES
- Noradrenergic Correlates of Animal Aggression
- Dopaminergic Correlates of Animal Aggression
- Catecholaminergic Correlates Of Human Aggression And Violence
- Neuropharmacologic Manipulations of Catecholamines
- SEROTONIN
- 5-HT Correlates of Animal Aggression
- Neuropharmacologic Manipulations of 5-HT in Animals
- 5-HT Correlates of Human Aggression and Violence
- CONCLUDING STATEMENT
- GABA
- GABA AND AGGRESSION
- Gaba Correlates of Animal Aggression
- Neuropharmacologic Modulation of GABA
- ACETYLCHOLINE
- PHARMACOTHERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS
- ANTIPSYCHOTICS
- ANTIDEPRESSANTS
- Noradrenergic and Serotonergic Reuptake Blockers and MAO Inhibitors
- Lithium
- Concluding Statement
- ANXIOLYTICS
- GABAA-BENZODIAZEPINE RECEPTOR-CHLORIDE CHANNEL COMPLEX, AGGRESSION, AND VIOLENCE
- 5-HT Anxiolytics
- Beta-Blockers
- Concluding Statement
- REFERENCES
- Nutrition and Violent Behavior
- INTRODUCTION
- RESEARCH ON DIET AND BEHAVIOR
- METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES
- EXPERIMENTAL STRATEGIES
- SUGAR AND BEHAVIOR
- SUGAR, HYPOGLYCEMIA, AND BEHAVIOR
- SUGAR AND VIOLENT BEHAVIOR
- RESEARCH NEEDS FOR ASSESSING THE EFFECTS OF SUGAR ON VIOLENT BEHAVIOR
- SUGAR AND ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER WITH HYPERACTIVITY
- FOOD ADDITIVES AND ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER WITH HYPERACTIVITY
- RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BLOOD CHOLESTEROL AND VIOLENT BEHAVIOR
- LEAD TOXICITY AND ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR
- CONCLUSIONS
- REFERENCES
- Index
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