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The Airliner Cabin Environment

The Airliner Cabin Environment

Air Quality and Safety

  • Publisher: National Academies Press
  • ISBN: 9780309036900
  • eISBN Pdf: 9780309542593
  • Place of publication:  United States
  • Year of digital publication: 1986
  • Month: January
  • Pages: 320
  • Language: English

Each year Americans take more than 300 million plane trips staffed by a total of some 70,000 flight attendants. The health and safety of these individuals are the focus of this volume from the Committee on Airliner Cabin Air Quality. The book examines such topics as cabin air quality, the health effects of reduced pressure and cosmic radiation, emergency procedures, regulations established by U.S. and foreign agencies, records on airline maintenance and operation procedures, and medical statistics on air travel. Numerous recommendations are presented, including a ban on smoking on all domestic commercial flights to lessen discomfort to passengers and crew, to eliminate the possibility of fire caused by cigarettes, and to bring the cabin air quality into line with established standards for other closed environments.

  • The Airliner Cabin Environment
  • Copyright
  • Preface
  • Acknowledgments
  • Contents
  • Executive Summary
    • CABIN AIR QUALITY
      • Carbon Dioxide
      • Humidity
      • Ozone
      • Environmental Tobacco Smoke
      • Aerosols
      • Cabin Environment
    • EMERGENCY SITUATIONS AND PROCEDURES
    • WORLDWIDE AIRLINE REGULATIONS
    • FEASIBILITY OF DATA COLLECTION
  • Introduction
    • STRUCTURE OF REPORT
    • PROBLEMS IN STUDYING AIRLINER CABIN AIR QUALITY
    • PROBLEMS IN STUDYING THE HEALTH EFFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH AIRLINER CABIN AIR QUALITY
    • REFERENCES
  • 1 Profile of Commercial Air Travel
    • PASSENGERS
    • FLIGHT ATTENDANTS AND FLIGHT CREW
    • THE U.S. AIRLINE INDUSTRY
    • FAA DATA ON SELECTED INCIDENTS
    • REFERENCES
  • 2 Environmental Control Systems on Commercial Passenger Aircraft
    • DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL SYSTEMS
      • Compressed-Air Sources
      • The Environmental Control Unit
      • Air Distribution
      • Exhaust Systems
      • Recirculation Systems
      • Temperature Control
      • Pressure Control
    • PERFORMANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL SYSTEMS
      • Load Factors
    • EFFECT OF VENTILATION ON TOTAL CABIN ENVIRONMENT
      • Ventilation and Contamination
      • Air Velocity and Cabin Flow Patterns
      • Relative Humidity
      • Ozone
      • Effect of Recirculation on Contamination
      • Cost of Ventilation
    • REFERENCES
  • 3 Standards, Regulations, and Industry Practices
    • U.S. REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS
      • Ventilation
      • Ozone
      • Fires
      • Depressurization
      • Medical Emergencies
      • Ditching and Evacuation
      • Additional Passenger Briefings
    • FOREIGN REGULATIONS
    • INDUSTRY OPERATING PROCEDURES
    • FAA INVESTIGATION AND ENFORCEMENT
      • Investigation of Violations
      • Enforcement Actions
      • Review and Appeal
      • Effectiveness and Adequacy of FAA Inspection and Enforcement
    • ADEQUACY AND EFFICACY OF PASSENGER SAFETY INFORMATION
      • Factors Influencing Passenger Emergency Behavior
      • Attention, Comprehension, and Recall under Stress
      • Improving Passenger Safety Briefings
    • OVERVIEW
    • REFERENCES
  • 4 Air Quality in Emergency Situations
    • ONBOARD FIRES
      • Inhibiting Ignition
      • Materials Testing and Selection
      • Smoke Detection and Firefighting
      • Removal of Toxic Fumes
      • Individual Smoke and Fume Protection
      • Emergency Escape
      • Passenger Safety Briefings
    • DEPRESSURIZATION
    • CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
    • REFERENCES
  • 5 Cabin Air Pollutants: Sources and Exposures
    • OZONE
      • Ozone in Commercial Aircraft Cabins
      • Health Effects of Ozone under High-Altitude Conditions
      • Groups at Increased Risk of Health Effects
      • Recommendations
    • COSMIC RADIATION
      • Characteristics of Cosmic Radiation
      • Exposure of Passengers and Crew
      • Radiation Exposure in Aircraft and from Other Natural Sources
      • Groups at Increased Risk of Health Effects
    • GROUND FUMES
    • ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE
      • Aircraft Ventilation and Smoke Concentrations
      • Concentrations of ETS Constituents Measured on Aircraft
      • Standards for Other Environments
      • Exposure to ETS on Airliners
      • Health Effects in Airplanes
      • Health Effects in Other Environments
      • Groups at Increased Risk
      • Prevention of Exposure to ETS
      • Summary
    • BIOLOGIC AEROSOLS
      • Types of Biologic Pollutants Possible in Aircraft
      • Sources of Biologic Pollutants
      • Factors Affecting Airborne Concentrations of Biologic Pollutants and their Health Effects
      • Airborne Concentrations Necessary to Cause Health Effects or Discomfort
      • Available Data
        • Available Predictive Data from Other Sources
        • Available Data on Aircraft
      • Conclusions and Recommendations
    • RELATIVE HUMIDITY
      • Aircraft Ventilation and Relative Humidity
      • Measured Relative Humidity in Aircraft
      • Standards for Other Environments
      • Effects of Low Relative Humidity on Passengers and Crew
      • Reported Health Effects of Low Relative Humidity in Other Environments
      • Summary
    • PRESSURIZATION
    • CARBON DIOXIDE
    • OTHER POTENTIAL EXPOSURES
    • REFERENCES
  • 6 Health Effects Associated with Exposure to Airliner Cabin Air
    • HEALTH EFFECTS OF CONCERN
      • Irritation and Inflammation
      • Infection
      • Respiratory Impairment
      • Cardiovascular Effects
      • Neoplasms
      • Reproductive Disorders
      • Miscellaneous
      • Summary
    • MONITORING AND SURVEILLANCE OF CREW AND PASSENGER HEALTH
      • Pilots
      • Flight Attendants and Passengers
      • FAA Surveillance Activities
    • GROUPS AT INCREASED RISK
    • REFERENCES
  • 7 Desirability and Feasibility of Additional Data Collection
    • GENERAL CONCEPTS AND APPROACHES
    • MEASURES OF AIRLINER CABIN AIR QUALITY
    • MEASURES OF HEALTH EFFECTS
    • OTHER SUBJECTS
    • REFERENCES
  • Appendix A A Computer Model for Assessing Airliner Cabin Air Quality
    • CONCEPTUAL DEVELOPMENT
    • MATHEMATICAL DEVELOPMENT
    • OPERATING PROCEDURES
    • SIMULATING AIRLINER AIR QUALITY
    • REFERENCES
  • Appendix B Selected Material from the FAA Accident/Incident Data System
  • Appendix C Airliner Cabin Safety Regulations and Standards
    • REFERENCES
  • Glossary

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  • Loan duration: 21 days
  • Format: PDF

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