This book reviews the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) small spacecraft technology development. Included are assessments of NASA's technology priorities for relevance to small spacecraft and identification of technology gaps and overlaps.
The volume also examines the small spacecraft technology programs of other government agencies and assesses technology efforts in industry.
- Technology for Small Spacecraft
- Copyright
- Preface
- TABLE OF CONTENTS
- List of Acronyms
- Executive Summary
- PRINCIPAL FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
- 1 Introduction
- THE TASK
- BACKGROUND AND STATUS
- Space Systems Costs
- Small Spacecraft Applications
- Current Small Spacecraft Programs
- APPROACH
- 2 Systems Engineering and Operations
- BACKGROUND AND STATUS
- SMALL SPACECRAFT SYSTEMS ENGINEERING
- SMALL SPACECRAFT LAUNCH OPERATIONS
- Spacecraft/Launch Vehicle Checkout and Health Monitoring
- Spacecraft/Launch Vehicle Integration
- Range Safety Considerations
- Spacecraft Accessibility and Safety
- Flight Programming
- SMALL SPACECRAFT LAUNCH OPERATIONS
- Distributed Functions
- Standardization
- Automation
- Reuse of Software, Hardware, and Procedures
- PRIORITIZED RECOMMENDATIONS
- 3 Spacecraft Propulsion Technology
- BACKGROUND AND STATUS
- CHEMICAL PROPULSION
- NASA CHEMICAL PROPULSION PROGRAMS
- Department of Defense Chemical Propulsion Programs
- SOLAR PROPULSION
- Solar Electric Propulsion
- NASA Programs for Solar Electric Propulsion
- DoD Programs for Solar Electric Propulsion
- Solar Thermal Propulsion
- NASA Programs for Solar Thermal Propulsion
- DoD Programs for Solar Thermal Propulsion
- NUCLEAR PROPULSION
- FINDINGS AND PRIORITIZED RECOMMENDATIONS
- 4 Spacecraft Electric Power
- BACKGROUND AND STATUS
- POWER SOURCES
- Solar Arrays
- NASA Programs
- DoD Programs
- Nuclear Technology
- NASA Programs
- DOE Programs
- BATTERY TECHNOLOGY FOR ENERGY STORAGE
- NASA Programs
- Other Government Programs
- FINDINGS AND PRIORITIZED RECOMMENDATIONS
- 5 Spacecraft Structures and Materials
- BACKGROUND AND STATUS
- STRUCTURES
- Deployable Structures
- Control-Structures Interaction and Smart Structures
- MATERIALS
- Aluminum-Lithium Alloys
- Polymer-Matrix Composites
- Metal-Matrix Composites
- Carbon-Carbon Composites
- STRUCTURE/MATERIALS SYSTEMS
- FINDINGS AND PRIORITIZED RECOMMENDATIONS
- 6 Small Spacecraft Communications Technology
- BACKGROUND AND STATUS
- NASA PROGRAMS
- DOD PROGRAMS
- INDUSTRY PROGRAMS
- SPACECRAFT-TO-SPACECRAFT COMMUNICATIONS
- MULTIPLE ACCESS
- COMMUNICATIONS COMPONENT TECHNOLOGY
- SPECTRUM UTILIZATION
- FINDINGS AND PRIORITIZED RECOMMENDATIONS
- 7 Guidance and Control Technology
- BACKGROUND AND STATUS
- GUIDANCE AND CONTROL COMPONENTS
- Gyroscopes
- Trackers
- Accelerometers
- Reaction Wheels and Control Moment Gyroscopes
- Thrusters
- Control Electronics
- Hardened Solid-State Processor and Recorder
- Global Positioning System (GPS)
- AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS
- RADIATION HARDENING
- ELECTRONICS PACKAGING
- INTERFACES
- FINDINGS AND PRIORITIZED RECOMMENDATIONS
- 8 Sensors for Small Spacecraft
- BACKGROUND AND STATUS
- NASA PROGRAMS
- DOD PROGRAMS
- FINDINGS AND PRIORITIZED RECOMMENDATIONS
- 9 Robotics, Automation, and Artificial Intelligence
- BACKGROUND AND STATUS
- SMALL ROBOTIC PLANETARY EXPLORERS
- SMALL ROBOTS IN LOW EARTH ORBIT
- OTHER AGENCY PROGRAMS
- FINDINGS AND PRIORITIZED RECOMMENDATIONS
- 10 Launch Vehicle Technology for Small Spacecraft
- BACKGROUND AND STATUS
- SMALL LAUNCH VEHICLES
- LOWERING COST OF LAUNCHING SMALL SPACECRAFT
- Use of Excess Missile Assets
- Technology Improvements
- Technologies to Reduce the Cost of Future, Expendable Launch Vehicles
- Technologies to Enable Future Recoverable, Reusable Launch Vehicles
- ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS
- PRIORITIZED RECOMMENDATIONS
- 11 Overall Findings and Recommendations
- CURRENT EMPHASIS AND JUSTIFICATION
- SMALL SPACECRAFT CAPABILITIES
- RESPONSE TO TASK STATEMENT
- Review of NASA's Small Spacecraft Technology Program
- Assessment of the NASA Technology Priorities for Relevance to Small Spacecraft, Launch Vehicles, and Ground Operations
- Small Spacecraft Technologies of Other Government Agencies and Technology Efforts in Industry that are Relevant to Small…
- Technology Gaps and Overlaps
- Prioritized Areas in Which Greater Investments are Likely to Have High Payoff Considering Current and Projected Budgets, the…
- List of References
- Appendix A: Title I of the National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958, as Amended (Public Law 85-568)
- Appendix B: Small Spacecraft Applications
- Small Spacecraft Surrogates for Large Spacecraft
- Non-Sun-Synchronous or Other Less Common Orbits
- Quick-Response Missions for Operational Uses
- Specialized, Narrow-Swathwidth Measurements
- ''All-Electronic" Spacecraft Constellations
- Servicing Spacecraft for Space Systems
- Deployment of Small, Robotic Planetary Explorers
- Life Science Studies for Small Spacecraft
- Mission Augmentation
- Appendix C: Office of Advanced Concepts and Technology's Small Spacecraft Technology Initiative
- GOALS
- APPROACH
- Integrated Product Development Teams
- Use of DoD and Industry Technologies
- Nonaerospace Applications
- Management
- Evaluation Procedure and Selection
- OACT SPACECRAFT AND REMOTE SENSING DIVISION: 1994 ACTIVITIES AND BUDGET
- OACT SPACECRAFT AND REMOTE SENSING DIVISION: 1995 ACTIVITIES AND BUDGET
- Appendix D: Current NASA and DoD Small Spacecraft Programs
- NASA Programs
- DoD Programs
- Appendix E: Study Participants
- Appendix F: NASA Earth-Observing Instruments
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