In the past decade, animal scientists have learned that administering recombinantly derived somatotropin (growth hormone) to cows improves milk production and that giving beta-adrenergic agonists to meat animals improves productivity and leanness.
In order for these metabolic modifiers to yield benefits, however, sound management of the animals' nutrition is necessary. This volume reports on how these substances work in the animals' metabolism, what effects they might have on nutrient requirements of domestic livestock, and what information should be developed further by investigators.
The book explores the current understanding of the biology, structure, mechanisms of action, and treatment effects of somatotropin, beta-adrenergic agonists, and anabolic steroids.
A companion volume to the Nutrient Requirements of Domestic Animals series, this authoritative volume will be required reading for animal scientists, researchers, veterinarians, livestock farmers, and faculty and students in university animal veterinary science programs.
- Metabolic Modifiers
- Copyright
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Contents
- Executive Summary
- DAIRY CATTLE
- GROWING RUMINANTS
- SWINE
- POULTRY
- SUMMARY
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Mechanisms of Action of Metabolic Modifiers
- SOMATOTROPIN
- Structure of Somatotropin
- Effects of Somatotropin
- Growth Performance
- Lactation
- Summary of Effects of Somatotropin on Growth and Lactation
- Mechanisms of Somatotropin Action
- Lipid Metabolism
- Carbohydrate Metabolism
- Protein Metabolism
- Mammary Gland Metabolism
- Summary of Effects of Somatotropins
- B-ADRENERGIC AGONISTS
- Adrenergic Receptors
- Effects of B-Adrenergic Agonists on Growth and Carcass Composition
- Mechanisms of B-Agonist Action
- Mode of Action in Skeletal Muscle
- Indirect Effects of B-Adrenergic Agonists
- Mode of Action in Adipose Tissue
- Interaction between Treatment and Dietary Intake
- Summary of Effects of β-Adrenergic Agonists on Growth and Composition
- ANABOLIC STEROIDS
- Growth Performance Response to Anabolic Steroids
- Composition of Gain
- Mechanism of Anabolic Steroid Action
- Summary of Effects of Anabolic Steroid on Growth and Composition
- 3 Effect of Somatotropin on Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle
- PRODUCTION RESPONSE
- Milk Yield
- Breed and Parity
- Management and Genotype
- Environment
- Milk Composition
- Feed Intake
- NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS
- Energy
- Protein
- Vitamins and Minerals
- Fiber
- Energy Density
- Body Condition
- SUMMARY
- 4 Effect of Metabolic Modifiers on Nutrient Requirements of Growing Ruminants
- EFFECTS OF SOMATOTROPIN OR GROWTH HORMONE-RELEASING FACTOR
- Effects of bST in Growing Cattle
- Effects of bST or oST in Growing Lambs
- Effects of GRF in Growing Cattle and Lambs
- Summary of Effects of Somatotropin and Growth Hormone Releasing Factor in Ruminants
- EFFECTS OF Β-ADRENERGIC AGONISTS
- Summary of Effects of β-Adrenergic Agonists in Ruminants
- EFFECTS OF ANABOLIC STEROIDS
- Summary of Effects of Anabolic Steroids in Ruminants
- 5 Effect of Metabolic Modifiers on Nutrient Requirements of Growing Swine
- NUTRITIONAL IMPLICATIONS OF METABOLIC MODIFIERS
- NUTRITIONAL CONSTRAINTS TO LEAN GROWTH
- EFFECT OF METABOLIC MODIFIERS ON NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS
- Intake
- Digestion
- Maintenance
- Efficiency of Absorbed Nutrient Use
- ESTIMATES OF THE LYSINE AND ENERGY REQUIREMENTS FOR ST-TREATED GROWING SWINE
- Amino Acids
- Growing Phase (20 to 60 kg)
- Finishing Phase (60 to 100 kg)
- Dietary Energy
- Growing Phase (20 to 60 kg)
- Finishing Phase (60 to 100 kg)
- Dynamic Estimates of the Lysine Requirement for ST-Treated Swine
- ESTIMATES OF AMINO ACID AND ENERGY REQUIREMENTS FOR SWINE ADMINISTERED Β-ADRENERGIC AGONISTS
- EFFECT OF METABOLIC MODIFIERS ON MINERAL AND VITAMIN REQUIREMENTS
- SUMMARY
- 6 Effect of Metabolic Modifiers on Nutrient Requirements of Poultry
- STRATEGIES
- Exogenous ST Administration
- Hypothalamic Peptide Releasing Factors
- Phenethanolamine Derivatives
- Immunomodulation
- Compensatory Growth
- In Ovo Manipulations
- NUTRIENT INTAKE RECOMMENDATIONS
- Modeling Approaches
- Empirical Predictions
- SUMMARY
- References
- Authors
- Index
- Recent Publications of the Committee on Animal Nutrition
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