Wind and the Built Environment

U.S. Needs in Wind Engineering and Hazard Mitigation

Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 9780309044493
eISBN Pdf: 9780309572750
Place of publication: United States
Year of digital publication: 1993
Month: January
Pages: 145
DDC: 607
Language: English

Caption

This book assesses wind engineering research studies in the past two decades to identify an interdisciplinary research agenda and delineate an action plan for evaluation of critical wind engineering efforts.

It promotes the interdisciplinary approach to achieve collaborative research, assesses the feasibility of formalizing undergraduate wind engineering curricula, and assesses international wind engineering research activities and transfer approaches for U.S. applications.

WIND AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
Copyright
Acknowledgments
Preface
Contents
Acronym List
Executive Summary
- RECOMMENDATION
- INTRODUCTION
- WIND LOSSES: A PERSPECTIVE
- LOOKING AHEAD
- CREATING A NATIONAL WIND SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING PROGRAM
1 Wind Hazards and Related Issues
- THE POWER OF WIND
- WIND ENGINEERING
- THE CRITICAL ROLE OF STRUCTURES
- WIND-INDUCED LOSSES: VICTIMS AND COSTS
- WHAT DOES THE FUTURE HOLD?
- THE CRITICAL ROLE OF DESIGN STANDARDS, CODES, CODE ENFORCEMENT, AND PLANNING REGULATIONS
- STRATEGIES AND INCENTIVES
2 The Nature of Wind
- A WIND PRIMER
  - The Near-Surface Wind
  - The Wind Climatology of the United States
  - Thunderstorms
    - Outflows
    - Downbursts and Microbursts
    - Tornadoes
  - Extratropical Cyclones
  - Tropical Cyclones
- IMPROVING THE WIND CLIMATOLOGY OF THE UNITED STATES
- EXPANDING THE WIND-ENGINEERING DATA BASE
- RECOMMENDATIONS
  - Measurements of Extreme Wind Speeds
  - Extreme Wind Climatology
3 Wind-Engineering Research Needs
- INTRODUCTION
- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
  - Physical Modeling
  - Numerical Modeling
  - Field Measurements
  - Innovative Experimental Approaches
  - Structural Safety and Reliability
  - Damage Investigations
- SEVERE WIND FORCES
  - Low Buildings
  - Flexible Structures
    - Damping and Structure Control
    - Bridges
    - Motion Perception
  - Offshore Winds and Their Effects
  - Fatigue Problems
- CODES AND STANDARDS
- RETROFIT REROOFING
- ADDITIONAL RESEARCH TOPICS
  - Wind Flow in the Urban Environment
  - Pollutant Dispersion
  - Ventilation
  - Wind Energy
  - Soil Erosion
  - Modeling of Iceberg Movement and Oil Spills
- RECOMMENDATIONS
4 Mitigation, Preparedness, Response, and Recovery
- MITIGATION MEASURES
  - Codes and Code Enforcement
  - Land Use Management
- EMERGENCY PLANNING AND RESPONSE FOR DISASTERS
  - Structure of U.S. Emergency Planning and Disaster Management
  - The Extensiveness of Local Community Emergency Preparedness
    - Significant Improvement
    - Some Continuing Weaknesses in Community Preparedness Planning
  - Specific Emergency Preparedness and Response Planning for Wind Hazards
    - Pre-Impact Activities
    - Postimpact Response Activities
- PLANNING FOR RECOVERY AND FUTURE MITIGATION
- RECOMMENDATIONS
  - General Issues Regarding Future Research
  - Specific Research Needs
5 Education and Technology Transfer
- EDUCATION AND TRAINING
- TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
- POTENTIAL IMPACT OF COMPUTERS
  - Knowledge-Based Expert Systems
  - Extreme Winds: Analysis and Prediction
  - Wind-Loading Assistant
  - Risk and Damage Assessment
  - Design
  - Monitoring and Control
  - Urban Planning
  - Decision Making for Hurricane Response
- RECOMMENDATIONS
6 Cooperative Efforts
- INTRODUCTION
- INDUSTRY-ACADEMIA COOPERATION
- DISSEMINATION OF RESEARCH FINDINGS
- INTERNATIONAL COOPERATIVE EFFORTS
- RECOMMENDATIONS
7 Conclusions and Recommendations
- WIND HAZARDS AND RELATED ISSUES
  - Key Needs
  - Recommendations
- NATURE OF WIND
  - Key Needs
  - Recommendations
- WIND ENGINEERING
  - Key Needs
  - Recommendations
- MITIGATION, PREPAREDNESS, RESPONSE, AND RECOVERY
  - Key Needs
  - Recommendations
- EDUCATION AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
  - Key Needs
  - Recommendations
- COOPERATIVE EFFORTS
  - Key Needs
  - Recommendations
References
- BACKGROUND REFERENCES
Appendix
- U.S. CONFERENCES/SYMPOSIA/WORKSHOPS
- JOINT SEMINARS/SYMPOSIA/WORKSHOPS
- INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES ON WIND ENGINEERING