Materials are important in the pursuit of virtually every human endeavor. Advances in materials are applied not only in advanced technological systems such as spacecraft, jet engines, computers, and telecommunications but also in a world of more familiar applications from automobiles to floor coverings to fishing rods.
This book addresses the factors that impede the transition of new materials from concepts into commercial use. It identifies policies and actions that government and industry, together with universities, can take to remove these impediments. Incentives to accelerate the commercialization of advanced materials are suggested, and recommendations are presented on ways to stimulate competitive commercialization of materials by government, industry, and academia.
- Commercialization of New Materials for a Global Economy
- Copyright
- Abstract
- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- Contents
- COMMERCIALIZATION OF NEW MATERIALS FOR A GLOBAL ECONOMY
- Executive Summary
- FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
- INDUSTRY
- UNIVERSITIES
- ALL SECTORS WORKING TOGETHER
- 1—Introduction
- 2—New Materials and their Commercialization
- DEFINITION OF ADVANCED MATERIALS
- DEFINITION OF COMMERCIALIZATION
- NATURE OF THE COMMERCIALIZATION PROCESS
- GOVERNMENT STAKE IN THE COMMERCIALIZATION PROCESS
- 3—Factors Affecting Materials Commercialization
- TECHNICAL FACTORS
- Definition of Technical Goals
- Difficulty of Scale-Up
- Design, Processing, and Data Bases
- Standards and International Standardization
- Inflexibility in Manufacturing
- Engineering Education
- REGULATORY/LEGAL FACTORS
- Intellectual Properties
- Rights Under Government Contracts
- Process Intensive Patents
- Antitrust Concerns
- Export Restrictions
- Environmental, Safety, and Health Regulations
- ECONOMIC FACTORS
- Cost Versus Risks
- Market Size
- Short-Term Management Goals
- High Cost of Capital Facilities
- Government Procurement and Funding Policies
- Least-Cost Procurement
- Overabundance of Suppliers
- Cost Accounting Rules
- First Cost Versus Life-Cycle Cost
- Funding Uncertainties
- 4—Strategies for Overcoming Commercialization Barriers
- FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
- INDUSTRY
- UNIVERSITIES
- ALL SECTORS WORKING TOGETHER
- References
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