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Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals

Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals

Volume 3

  • Publisher: National Academies Press
  • ISBN: 9780309088831
  • eISBN Pdf: 9780309539463
  • eISBN Epub: 9780309168168
  • Place of publication:  United States
  • Year of digital publication: 2003
  • Month: May
  • Pages: 516
  • Language: English
This report reviews documents on acute exposure guideline levels (AEGLs) for nerve agents GA (tabun), GB (sarin), GD (soman), GD, and VX, sulfur mustard, diborane, and methyl isocyanate. The documents were developed by the National Advisory Committee on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Chemicals (NAC). The subcommittee concludes that the AEGLs developed in those documents are scientifically valid conclusions based on data reviewed by NAC and are consistent with the NRC reports on developing acute exposure guideline levels.

  • Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals
  • Copyright
  • OTHER REPORTS OF THE BOARD ON ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES AND TOXICOLOGY
  • Preface
  • Dedication
  • Contents
  • Introduction
    • SUMMARY OF REPORT ON GUIDELINES FOR DEVELOPING AEGLS
    • REVIEW OF AEGL REPORTS
    • REFERENCES
  • Roster of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances
  • Appendixes
    • 1 Nerve Agents GA, GB, GD, GF, and VX
      • SUMMARY
        • Derivation of G-Agent AEGL Estimates
          • AEGL-1 and AEGL-2 Values for G-series Agents
            • AEGL-3 Values for G-Series Agents
        • Derivation of Agent VX AEGL Estimates
        • Research Needs
          • G-Series Agents
            • Agent VX
      • 1. INTRODUCTION
      • 2. HUMAN TOXICITY DATA
        • 2.1. Acute Lethality
          • G Agents
            • Agent VX
          • 2.1.1. Case Reports
            • Agent GB
        • 2.2. Nonlethal Toxicity
          • 2.2.1. Case Reports
            • Agent GB
          • 2.2.2. Acute Studies
            • Agent GB
            • Agent GD
            • Agent GA
            • Agent VX
          • 2.2.3. Epidemiologic Studies
        • 2.3. Neurotoxicity
        • 2.4. Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity
        • 2.5. Genotoxicity
        • 2.6. Carcinogenicity
        • 2.7. Summary
          • G-series Agents
            • Agent VX
      • 3. ANIMAL TOXICITY DATA
        • 3.1. Acute Lethality
          • 3.1.1. Nonhuman Primates
            • Agent GB
            • Agent GA
            • Agent GD
          • 3.1.2. Dogs
            • Agent GB
            • Agent GA
            • Agent VX
          • 3.1.3. Rats
            • Agent GB
            • Agent GA
            • Agent GD
            • Agent GF
            • Agent VX
          • 3.1.4. Mice
            • Agent GB
            • Agent GD
            • Agent GF
            • Agent VX
          • 3.1.5. Guinea pigs
            • Agent GB
            • Agent GD
            • Agent VX
          • 3.1.6. Rabbits
            • Agent GB
            • Agent GA
            • Agent VX
          • 3.1.7. Cats
          • 3.1.8. Goats
            • Agent VX
          • 3.1.9. Hamsters
            • Agent VX
          • 3.1.10. Summary of Acute Lethality Data in Animals
        • 3.2. Nonlethal Toxicity
          • 3.2.1. Nonhuman Primates
            • Agent GB
            • Agent GD
          • 3.2.2. Dogs
            • Agent GB
          • 3.2.3. Rats
            • Agent GB
            • Agent GD
            • Agent GF
            • Agent VX
          • 3.2.4. Mice
            • Agent GB
            • Agent VX
          • 3.2.5. Guinea pigs
            • Agent GB
            • Agent GD
            • Agent VX
          • 3.2.6. Rabbits
            • Agent VX
          • 3.2.7. Summary of Nonlethal Toxicity in Animals
        • 3.3. Neurotoxicity
        • 3.4. Developmental and Reproductive Effects
          • 3.4.1. Rats
            • Agent GB
            • Agent GA
            • Agent GD
            • Agent VX
          • 3.4.2. Guinea Pigs
          • 3.4.3. Rabbits
            • Agent GB
            • Agent GA
            • Agent GD
            • Agent VX
          • 3.4.4. Sheep
            • Agent VX
          • 3.4.5. Summary
        • 3.5. Genotoxicity
          • Agent GB
            • Agent GA
            • Agent VX
            • Summary
        • 3.6. Carcinogenicity
          • Agent GB
            • Agent GA
            • Agent VX
            • Summary
        • 3.7. Summary
          • G Agents
            • Agent VX
      • 4. SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
        • 4.1. Metabolism, Toxicokinetics, and Disposition
          • 4.1.1. Absorption
          • 4.1.2. Toxicokinetics
          • 4.1.3. Disposition and Metabolism
          • 4.1.4. Distribution and Excretion
        • 4.2. Mechanism of Toxicity
        • 4.3. Relative Toxic Potency
          • 4.3.1. In Vitro Potency
          • 4.3.2. In Vivo Potency
            • G Agents
            • Agent VX
            • Human Estimates ofGB and VX Toxicity
          • 4.3.3. Comparison of Exposure Standards
            • G-Series Agents
            • Agent VX
          • 4.3.4. Selection of Nerve Agent Potency Values for Use in Deriving AEGLs
            • G Agents
            • Agent VX
        • 4.4. Structure-Activity Relationships
        • 4.5. Other Relevant Information
          • 4.5.1. Breathing Rates and Toxicity
          • 4.5.2. Delayed Neuropathy
            • G Agents
            • Agent VX
          • 4.5.3. Intra- and Interspecies Variability in Esterase Activity and Response to Nerve Agents
            • Intraspecies Variability
            • Interspecies Variability
            • G-series Agents
            • Agent VX
          • 4.5.4. Unique Physicochemical Properties
          • 4.5.5. Concurrent Exposure Issues
            • Multiple Exposures to Similar Chemicals
            • Multiple Exposure Through Different Exposure Pathways
          • 4.5.6. Critical Effect End Point
      • 5. DATA ANALYSIS FOR AEGL-1
        • 5.1. Summary of Human Data Relevant to AEGL-1
          • G-Series Agents
            • Agent VX
        • 5.2. Summary of Animal Data Relevant to AEGL-1
          • G-Series Agents
            • Agent VX
        • 5.3. Derivation of AEGL-1 for Agent GB
          • Derivation of AEGL-1 Values Using Animal Data
        • 5.4. Derivation of AEGL-1 Values for Agents GA, GD, and GF
        • 5.5. Derivation of AEGL-1 for Agent VX
      • 6. DATA ANALYSIS FOR AEGL-2
        • 6.1. Summary of Human Data Relevant to AEGL-2
        • 6.2. Summary of Animal Data Relevant to AEGL-2
        • 6.3. Derivation of AEGL-2 for Agent GB
        • 6.4. Derivation of AEGL-2 Values for Agents GA, GD, and GF
        • 6.5. Derivation of AEGL-2 Values for Agent VX
      • 7. DATA ANALYSIS FOR AEGL-3
        • 7.1. Summary of Human Data Relevant to AEGL-3
        • 7.2. Summary of Animal Data Relevant to AEGL-3
          • Agent GB
            • Agent GD
            • Agent GF
        • 7.3. Derivation of AEGL-3 for Agents GB and GD
          • Agent GB
            • Benchmark Exposure Analyses
            • Agent GD
        • 7.4. Derivation of AEGL-3 Values for Agents GA and GF
        • 7.5. Derivation of AEGL-3 Values for Agent VX
      • 8. SUMMARY OF AEGLS
        • 8.1. AEGL Values and Toxicity End Points
          • G-Series Agents
            • Agent VX
        • 8.2. Comparison with other Standards and Criteria
          • G Agents
            • Agent VX
        • 8.3. Data Adequacy and Research Needs
          • G Agents
            • Agent VX
      • 9. REFERENCES
      • Appendixes
      • APPENDIX A DERIVATION OF AEGL VALUES
        • Derivation of AEGL-1
        • Derivation of AEGL-1 for Agent GB (Sarin) from Human Data Set
        • Derivation of AEGL-2 for Agent GB (Sarin)
        • Derivation of AEGL-3 for Agent GB (Sarin)
        • Derivation of AEGL-3 for Agent GD (Alternate Estimate)
        • Derivation of AEGL-1 for Agent VX Vapor from Agent GB Toxicity Data
        • Derivation of AEGL-2 for Agent VX Vapor from Agent GB Toxicity Data
        • Derivation of AEGL-3 for Agent VX Vapor from Agent GB Toxicity Data
      • APPENDIX B Concentration-Time Curve for Sarin-Induced Miosis in Humans and Lethality in SD Rats
      • APPENDIX C Benchmark Exposure Analysis of GB Vapor Lethality Data for Female SD Rats
      • APPENDIX D DERIVATION SUMMARY FOR ACUTE EXPOSURE GUIDELINE LEVELS FOR NERVE AGENTS
        • Derivation Summary For Agent GA (CAS No. 77–81–6) (Tabun; Dimethylamidocyanophosphate)
        • Derivation Summary for Agent GB (CAS No. 107–44–8) (Sarin; Isopropylmethylphosphonofluoridate)
        • Derivation Summary for Agent GD (CAS No. 96–64–0) (Soman; Pinacolyl Methylphosphonofluoridate)
        • Derivation Summary for Agent GF (CAS No. 329–99–7) (O-cyclohexyl-methlyfluorophosphonate)
        • Derivation Summary for Agent VX Vapor (CAS No. 50782–69–9) (O-Ethyl-S-(Isopropyl-Aminoethyl)Methyl P ...
    • 2 Sulfur Mustard (Agent HD)
      • SUMMARY
      • I. INTRODUCTION
      • 2. HUMAN TOXICITY DATA
        • 2.1. Acute Lethality
        • 2.2. Nonlethal Toxicity
          • 2.2.1. Epidemiologic Studies
        • 2.3. Neurotoxicity
        • 2.4. Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity
        • 2.5. Genotoxicity
        • 2.6. Carcinogenicity
        • 2.7. Summary
      • 3. ANIMAL TOXICITY DATA
        • 3.1. Acute Lethality
          • 3.1.1. Rats
          • 3.1.2 Mice
          • 3.1.3. Guinea pigs
        • 3.2. Nonlethal Toxicity
          • 3.2.1. Dogs
          • 3.2.2. Rats
          • 3.2.3. Mice
          • 3.2.4. Rabbits
          • 3.2.5. Guinea pigs
        • 3.3. Neurotoxicity
        • 3.4. Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity
        • 3.5. Genotoxicity
        • 3.6. Chronic Toxicity and Carcinogenicity
        • 3.7. Summary
      • 4. SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
        • 4.1. Metabolism and Disposition
        • 4.2. Mechanism of Toxicity
        • 4.3. Structure-Activity Relationships
        • 4.4. Other Relevant Information
          • 4.4.1. Species Variability
      • 5. DATA ANALYSIS FOR AEGL-1
        • 5.1. Summary of Human Data Relevant to AEGL-1
      • 5.2. SUMMARY OF ANIMAL DATA RELEVANT TO AEGL-1
        • 5.3. Derivation of AEGL-1
      • 6. DATA ANALYSIS FOR AEGL-2
        • 6.1. Summary of Human Data Relevant to AEGL-2
        • 6.2. Summary of Animal Data Relevant to AEGL-2
        • 6.3. Derivation of AEGL-2
      • 7. DATA ANALYSIS FOR AEGL-3
        • 7.1. Summary of Human Data Relevant to AEGL-3
        • 7.2. Summary of Animal Data Relevant to AEGL-3
        • 7.3. Derivation of AEGL-3
      • 8. SUMMARY OF AEGLS
        • 8.1. AEGL Values and Toxicity End Points
        • 8.2. Comparison with Other Standards and Guidelines
        • 8.3. Data Adequacy and Research Needs
      • 9. REFERENCES
      • Appendixes
      • APPENDIX A Derivations of AEGL Values
        • Derivation of AEGL-1
        • Derivation of AEGL-2
        • Derivation of AEGL-3
      • APPENDIX B Determination of Temporal Scaling Factor (n) for AEGL Derivations
      • APPENDIX C Carcinogenicity Assessment for Acute Exposure to Sulfur Mustard (Agent HD)
      • APPENDIX D
        • Sulfur Mustard (CAS NO. 505–60–2)
    • 3 Methyl Isocyanate
      • SUMMARY
      • 1. INTRODUCTION
      • 2. HUMAN TOXICITY DATA
        • 2.1. Bhopal Disaster
        • 2.2. Nonlethal Toxicity
          • 2.2.1. Case Reports
          • 2.2.2. Experimental Studies
        • 2.3. Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity
        • 2.4. Genotoxicity
        • 2.5. Carcinogenicity
        • 2.6. Summary
      • 3. ANIMAL TOXICITY DATA
        • 3.1. Acute Lethality
        • 3.1.1. Rabbits
          • 3.1.2. Guinea Pigs
          • 3.1.3. Rats
          • 3.1.4. Mice
        • 3.2. Nonlethal Toxicity
          • 3.2.1. Guinea Pigs
          • 3.2.2. Rats
          • 3.2.3. Mice
        • 3.3. Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity
        • 3.4. Genotoxicity
        • 3.5. Chronic Toxicity and Carcinogenicity
        • 3.6. Summary
      • 4. SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
        • 4.1. Metabolism and Disposition
        • 4.2. Mechanism of Toxicity
        • 4.3. Other Relevant Information
          • 4.3.1. Species Variability
          • 4.3.2. Concentration-Exposure Duration Relationship
      • 5. DATA ANALYSIS FOR AEGL-1
        • 5.1. Summary of Human Data Relevant to AEGL-1
        • 5.2. Summary of Animal Data Relevant to AEGL-1
        • 5.3. Derivation of AEGL-1
      • 6. DATA ANALYSIS FOR AEGL-2
        • 6.1. Summary of Human Data Relevant to AEGL-2
        • 6.2. Summary of Animal Data Relevant to AEGL-2
        • 6.3. Derivation of AEGL-2
      • 7. DATA ANALYSIS FOR AEGL-3
        • 7.1. Summary of Human Data Relevant to AEGL-3
        • 7.2. Summary of Animal Data Relevant to AEGL-3
        • 7.3. Derivation of AEGL-3
      • 8. SUMMARY OF AEGLS
        • 8.1. AEGL Values and Toxicity End Points
        • 8.2. Comparison with Other Standards and Criteria
        • 8.3. Data Adequacy and Research Needs
      • 9. REFERENCES
      • Appendixes
      • APPENDIX A Time-Scaling Calculations
      • APPENDIX B Derivation of AEGL Values
        • Derivation of AEGL-1
        • Derivation of AEGL-2
        • Derivation of AEGL-3
      • APPENDIX C DERIVATION SUMMARY FOR ACUTE EXPOSURE GUIDELINE LEVELS FOR METHYL ISOCYANATE (CAS No. 62...
      • APPENDIX D CATEGORY PLOT FOR METHYL ISOCYANATE
    • 4 Diborane
      • SUMMARY
      • 1. INTRODUCTION
      • 2. HUMAN TOXICITY DATA
        • 2.1. Acute Lethality
        • 2.2. Nonlethal Toxicity
          • 2.2.1. Case Reports
        • 2.2.2. Epidemiology Studies
          • 2.2.3. Other
        • 2.3. Developmental and Reproductive Effects
        • 2.4. Genotoxicity
        • 2.5. Carcinogenicity
        • 2.6. Summary
      • 3. ANIMAL TOXICITY DATA
        • 3.1. Acute Lethality
          • 3.1.1. Dogs
          • 3.1.2. Rats
          • 3.1.3. Mice
          • 3.1.4. Rabbits
          • 3.1.5. Hamsters
        • 3.2. Nonlethal Toxicity
          • 3.2.1. Dogs
          • 3.2.2. Rats
          • 3.2.3. Mice
          • 3.2.4. Guinea pigs
        • 3.3. Developmental and Reproductive Effects
        • 3.4. Genotoxicity
        • 3.5. Carcinogenicity
        • 3.6. Summary
      • 4. SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
        • 4.1. Metabolism and Disposition
        • 4.2. Mechanism of Toxicity
        • 4.3. Structure-Activity Relationships
        • 4.4. Other Relevant Information
          • 4.4.1. Species Variability
          • 4.4.2. Confounding Factors
          • 4.4.3. Concentration-Exposure Duration Relationship
      • 5. DATA ANALYSIS FOR AEGL-1
        • 5.1. Human Data Relevant to AEGL-1
        • 5.2. Animal Data Relevant to AEGL-1
        • 5.3. Derivation of AEGL-1
      • 6. DATA ANALYSIS FOR AEGL-2
        • 6.1. Human Data Relevant to AEGL-2
        • 6.2. Animal Data Relevant to AEGL-2
        • 6.3. Derivation of AEGL-2
      • 7. DATA ANALYSIS FOR AEGL-3
        • 7.1. Human Data Relevant to AEGL-3
        • 7.2. Animal Data Relevant to AEGL-3
        • 7.3. Derivation of AEGL-3
      • 8. SUMMARY OF AEGLS
        • 8.1. AEGL Values and Toxicity End Points
        • 8.2. Comparisons with Other Standards and Guidelines
        • 8.3. Data Adequacy and Research Needs
      • 9. REFERENCES
      • Appendixes
      • APPENDIX A Derivation of AEGL Values
        • Derivation of AEGL-1
        • Derivation of AEGL-2
      • DERIVATION OF AEGL-3
      • APPENDIX B Time Scaling Calculations
      • APPENDIX C

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