Drug Research and Development for Adults Across the Older Age Span

Drug Research and Development for Adults Across the Older Age Span

Proceedings of a Workshop

  • Author: Shore, Carolyn; Forstag, Erin Hammers
  • Publisher: National Academies Press
  • ISBN: 9780309685689
  • eISBN Pdf: 9780309685696
  • eISBN Epub: 9780309685719
  • Place of publication:  United States
  • Year of digital publication: 2021
  • Month: December
  • Pages: 143
  • DDC: 615
  • Language: English

There is a void in evidence-based information for making informed decisions on how to optimize care for older adults, particularly those 80 years and over. Because older adults are vastly underrepresented in clinical trials, there is a dearth of information about the appropriate use of drugs in this population. Yet older adults have higher rates of comorbidities and simultaneous use of multiple medications than the general population, and are the majority users of many medications. Additionally, age-related physiological and pathological changes, particularly for adults 80 years of age and older, can lead to significant differences in the pharmacokinetics (PK)2 and pharmacodynamics (PD)3 of a given drug compared to the general population.

On August 5 and 6, 2020, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a workshop titled Drug Research and Development for Adults Across the Older Age Span. The workshop was designed to examine the challenges and opportunities in drug research and development for older adult populations, explore barriers that impede safety and efficacy studies in these populations, and share lessons learned for better understanding clinical pharmacology for populations over age 65. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop.

  • Cover
  • Front Matter
  • Sea-Level Change
  • Overview and Recommendations
  • The Record
  • 1 Recent Changes in Sea Level: A Summary
  • 2 North Atlantic Sea Level and Circulation
  • 3 Large-Scale Coherence of Sea Level at Very Low Frequencies
  • 4 Glacial Isostatic Adjustment and Relative Sea-Level Change
  • 5 Quaternary Sea-Level Change
  • 6 Graphic Analysis of Dislocated Quaternary Shorelines
  • 7 Seismic Stratigraphic Record of Sea-Level Change
  • 8 Long-Term Eustasy and Epeirogeny in Continents
  • Processes and Feedback
  • 9 Could Possible Changes in Global Groundwater Reservoir Cause Eustatic Sea-Level Fluctuations?
  • 10 Role of Land Ice in Present and Future Sea-Level Change
  • 11 Sea Level and Climate Change
  • 12 Long-Term Aspects of Future Atmospheric CO2 and Sea-Level Changes
  • 13 Sea Level and the Thermal Variability of the Ocean
  • Future Measurements
  • 14 Strategy for Future Measurements of Very-Low-Frequency Sea-Level Change
  • Index

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