The Board on Health Care Services of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine hosted a virtual workshop, funded by the Social Security Association, to examine disability associated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The workshop, held on November 15, 2021, included presentations on the functional outcomes for individuals who have received hematopoietic stem cell treatment, as well as medical advances, developments, and research in this area. This Proceedings of a Workshop highlights the presentations and discussions that occurred in the workshop.