Artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and deep learning (DL) are promising tools that can be used to develop algorithms to better understand and predict interactions between food- and nutrition-related data and health outcomes. Understanding that additional research is needed to identify areas where AI/ML is likely to have an impact, the National Academies Food and Nutrition Board hosted a public workshop in October 2023 to explore the future benefits and limitations of integrating big data and AI/ML tools into nutrition research. Participants also discussed issues related to diversity, equity, inclusion, bias, and privacy and the appropriate use of evidence generated from these new methods.