The founder of modern linguistics, Ferdinand de Saussure inaugurated semiology, structuralism, and deconstruction and made possible the work of Jacques Derrida, Roland Barthes, Michel Foucault, and Jacques Lacan, thus enabling the development of French feminism, gender studies, New Historicism, and postcolonialism. Based on Saussure's lectures, Course in General Linguistics (1916) traces the rise and fall of the historical linguistics in which Saussure was trained, the synchronic or structural linguistics with which he replaced it, and the new look of diachronic linguistics that followed this change. Most important, Saussure presents the principles of a new linguistic science that includes the invention of semiology, or the theory of the "signifier," the "signified," and the "sign" that they combine to produce.
This is the first critical edition of Course in General Linguistics to appear in English and restores Wade Baskin's original translation of 1959, in which the terms "signifier" and "signified" are introduced into English in this precise way. Baskin renders Saussure clearly and accessibly, allowing readers to experience his shift of the theory of reference from mimesis to performance and his expansion of poetics to include all media, including the life sciences and environmentalism. An introduction situates Saussure within the history of ideas and describes the history of scholarship that made Course in General Linguistics legendary. New endnotes enlarge Saussure's contexts to include literary criticism, cultural studies, and philosophy.
- Contents
- Editors’ Preface and Acknowledgments
- Textual Note
- Introduction:Saussure and His Contexts
- TRANSLATOR’S INTRODUCTION
- PREFACE TO THE FIRSTEDITION
- INTRODUCTION
- Chapter 1. A GLANCE AT THE HISTORY OF LINGUISTICS
- Chapter II. SUBJECT MATTER AND SCOPE OF LINGUISTICS; ITS RELATIONS WITH OTHER SCIENCES
- Chapter III. THE OBJECT OF LINGUISTICS
- Chapter IV. LINGUISTICS OF LANGUAGE AND LINGUISTICS OF SPEAKING
- Chapter V. INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL ELEMENTS OF LANGUAGE
- Chapter VI. GRAPHIC REPRESENTATION OF LANGUAGE
- Chapter VII. PHONOLOGY
- APPENDIX - Principles of Phonology
- Chapter I. PHONOLOGICAL SPECIES
- Chapter II. PHONEMES IN THE SPOKEN CHAIN
- PART ONE General Principles
- Chapter I. NATURE OF THE LINGUISTIC SIGN
- Chapter II. IMMUTABILITY AND MUTABILITY OF THE SIGN
- Chapter III. STATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY LEANINGS
- PART TWO Synchronic Linguistics
- Chapter I. GENERALITIES
- Chapter II. THE CONCRETE ENTITIES OF LANGUAGE
- Chapter III. IDENTITIES, REALITIES, VALUES
- Chapter IV. LINGUISTIC VALUE
- Chapter V. SYNTAGMATIC AND ASSOCIATIVE RELATIONS
- Chapter VI. THE MECHANISM OF LANGUAGE
- Chapter VII. GRAMMAR AND ITS SUBDIVISIONS
- Chapter VIII. ROLE OF ABSTRACT ENTITIES IN GRAMMAR
- PART THREE Diachronic Linguistics
- Chapter I. GENERALITIES
- Chapter II. Phonetic Changes
- Chapter III. GRAMMATICAL CONSEQUENCES OF PHONETIC EVOLUTION
- Chapter IV. ANALOGY
- Chapter V. ANALOGY AND EVOLUTION
- Chapter VI. FOLK ETYMOLOGY
- Chapter VII. AGGLUTINATION
- Chapter VIII. DIACHRONIC UNITS, IDENTITIES AND REALITIES
- APPENDICES TO PARTS THREE AND FOUR
- PART FOUR Geographical Linguistics
- Chapter I. CONCERNING THE DIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES
- Chapter II. COMPLICATIONS OF GEOGRAPHICAL DIVERSITY
- Chapter III. CAUSES OF GEOGRAPHICAL DIVERSITY
- Chapter IV. SPREAD OF LINGUISTIC WAVES
- PART FIVE Concerning Retrospective Linguistics
- Chapter I. THE TWO PERSPECTIVES OF DIACHRONIC LINGUISTICS
- Chapter II. THE OLDEST LANGUAGE AND THE PROTOTYPE
- Chapter III. RECONSTRUCTIONS
- Chapter IV. THE CONTRIBUTION OF LANGUAGE TO ANTHROPOLOGY AND PREHISTORY
- Chapter V. LANGUAGE FAMILIES AND LINGUISTIC TYPES
- Errata
- Notes
- Works Cited
- Index
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